Table 2.

Upper extremity muscle mass and strength parameters at baseline and 12 months by treatment arm

	Low VitD			Moderate VitD
Parameter	Baseline	12 months	P-value	Baseline	12 months	P-value
UE lean mass, kg	4.9 ±0.8	4.8 ±1.0	0.634	4.8 ±1.0	4.7 ±1.1	0.547
Isometric
Peak torque/BW, extension, %	36.3 ±10.8	40.6 ±11.8	0.038	40.4 ±12.4	42.6 ±14.1	0.577
Peak torque/BW, flexion, %	45.7 ±11.8	48.6 ±11.6	0.176	47.2 ±12.3	47.7 ±10.7	0.864
Isokinetic 5 repetitions
Peak torque/BW, extension, %	28.4 ±8.6	31.0 ±8.2	0.191	31.4 ±9.6	32.3 ±8.9	0.731
Peak torque/BW, flexion, %	37.32 ±10.6	40.2 ±7.6	0.284	38.7 ±11.2	41.2 ±9.6	0.659
Total work/BW, extension, %	105.3 ±36.4	111.9 ±44.7	0.830	111.3 ±42.6	113.4 ±34.0	0.699
Total work/BW, flexion, %	150.5 ±53.9	159.7 ±45.4	0.473	150.6 ±54.0	165.5 ±37.3	0.170
Average power, extension, J	13.3 ±5.2	14.7 ±5.9	0.433	14.1 ±5.6	14.4 ±4.4	0.740
Average power, flexion, J	18.7 ±7.9	20.6 ±6.1	0.203	18.7 ±6.7	20.7 ±5.0	0.246
Isokinetic 25 repetitions
Peak torque/BW, extension, %	25.5 ±7.2	25.3 ±5.9	0.807	26.9 ±8.0	25.3 ±6.8	0.332
Peak torque/BW, flexion, %	38.9 ±10.0	40.1 ±7.4	0.584	37.7 ±11.8	38.6 ±8.7	0.577
Total work/BW, extension, %	340.4 ±143.9	361.4 ±159.9	0.679	335.0 ±137.0	349.5 ±109.0	0.646
Total work/BW, flexion, %	621.2 ±208.9	639.9 ±173.5	0.432	580.3 ±186.0	641.9 ±152.4	0.087
Average power, extension, J	20.6 ±9.5	22.6 ±10.6	0.535	20.5 ± 9.1	21.5 ±6.6	0.677
Average power, flexion, J	34.4 ±14.3	36.7 ±12.3	0.399	32.7 ±11.9	35.6 ±8.9	0.185

Data are mean ±SD unless stated otherwise.

BW, body weight; UE, upper extremity; VitD, vitamin D.