Table 1.
HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials completed or in progress
| Trial | Start | End | Vaccine | Location | Result | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAX004 (NCT00002441) | 1999 | January 2000 | Bivalent clade B gp120 in alum | United States, Europe | No efficacy | 190–192 |
| VAX003 (NCT00006327) | March 1999 | August 2000 | Bivalent CRF_01AE/B gp120 in alum | Thailand | No efficacy | 193–195 |
| HVTN 502 (Step Study) (NCT00095576) | November 2004 | September 2009 | Adenovirus type 5 clade B gag/pol/nef | United States | No efficacy; increased infection in vaccinees | 169,196–201 |
| HVTN 503 (Phambili study) (NCT00413725) | December 2006 | July 2015 | Adenovirus type 5 clade B gag/pol/nef | South Africa | No efficacy; increased infection in male vaccinees | 170,202–205 |
| RV144 (NCT00223080) | September 2005 | April 2009 | ALVAC with gag/pro/Env; bivalent CRF_01AE/B gp120 in alum | Thailand | Estimated 31.2% vaccine efficacy at 42 months; 12-month efficacy, 60% | 20,21,206–215 |
| HVTN 505 (NCT00865566) | May 2009 | October 2017 | DNAs with clade B gag/pol/nef and DNAs with clade A, B, C Envs; adenovirus type 5 with gag/pol and clade A, B, C Envs | United States | No efficacy | 196,216–222 |
| HVTN 703/HPTN 081 (NCT02568215) | May 2016 | March 2021 | Antibody Mediated Protection (AMP) trial of VRC01 neutralizing antibody infusion IV | Sub-Saharan Africa | No overall efficacy; protection from only highly sensitive HIV-1 strains | 111,223,224 |
| HVTN 704/HPTN085 (NCT02716675) | April 2016 | December 2020 | Antibody Mediated Protection (AMP) trial of VRC01 neutralizing antibody infusion IV | North America, South America, Switzerland | No overall efficacy; protection from only highly sensitive HIV-1 strains | 111,223,224 |
| HVTN 702 Uhambo (NCT02968849) | October 2016 | September 2021 | ALVAC-C with gag/pol/Env; bivalent gp120s in MF59 | South Africa | No efficacy | 18,225 |
| HVTN 705 Imbokodo (NCT03060629) | November 2017 | August 2021 | Ad26, 4 valent T cell mosaic genes, boost with clade C gp140 Env | Sub-Saharan Africa | No efficacy | 226 |
| HVTN 706 Mosaico (NCT03964415) | October 2019 | Ongoing (est. March 2024) | Ad26, 4 valent T cell mosaic genes, boost with clade C gp140 Env + B cell mosaic gp140 Env | United States, Spain, Central/South America | Ongoing | 227 |
Adapted with permission from227. HVTN, HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network; NA, not available.