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. 2022 Jun 27;122(15):12495–12543. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00050

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© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

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(a) Illustration of the structure of individual QDs and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a CdSe/ZnS QD. Adapted with permission from ref (118) and SAMSUNG DISPLAY Web site (https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/white-papers/guide-to-understanding-quantum-dot-displays). Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. (b) Schematic illustration of the quantum confinement effect in QDs: with decreasing particle size, quantum confinement and hence the bandgap increase, leading to progressive blue shifts in the particles’ PL profiles. Adapted with permission from refs (119 and 120). Copyright 2017 Springer International Publishing AG; Copyright 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Absorption and PL emission profiles for commercial CdSe/ZnS QDs conjugated with streptavidin from Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd. Individual QDs are designated according to their maximum emission wavelength, ranging from 525 to 705 nm, respectively. All QDs are identical in material makeup but differ in size and their emission spectra are independent of their excitation wavelength.