Table 2.

Summary of ferroptosis and pyroptosis in autoimmune diseases

Disease type	Organs/tissues	Cell subset	Feature geneset (↑↓)	Sensitivity to ferroptosis/ pyroptosis (↑↓)
Vitiligo	Skin	Epidermal melanocytes	↑ Pyroptosis geneset (such as CASP1, CASP4, CASP6, CASP8, and GSDMD)	↑ Pyroptosis
			↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4, NR4A1, FTH1, FTL, MT1G, NFE2L2, and SLC40A1)	↑ Ferroptosis
Psoriasis	Skin	Keratinocytes-S.C	↑ NR4A1, NFE2L2, MT1G	↓ Ferroptosis
			↓ CASP3, GSDMA, GSDMC	↓ Pyroptosis
		Keratinocytes-S.G&S.S	↓ GPX4, FTH1, NR4A1, NFE2L2, MT1G	↑ Ferroptosis
			↓ CASP1, CASP4, GSDMA	↓ Pyroptosis
		Keratinocytes-S.B	↑ GPX4, FTL, FTH1	↓ Ferroptosis
			↑ CASP1, CASP8, GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMD	↑ Pyroptosis
AD	Skin	Keratinocytes	↑ GSDMC, GSDMD	↑ Pyroptosis
MS	Brain	Neuron	↓ GPX4, FTH1, and MT1G	↑Ferroptosis
		Oligodendrocyte	↓ GPX4, NFE2L2, SQSTM1, FTH1, and MT1G	↑Ferroptosis
		Astrocyte	↓ GPX4, NFE2L2, FTH1, MT1G, and SLC40A1	↑Ferroptosis
		OPCs	↓ GPX4, SQSTM1, and FTH1	↑Ferroptosis
		EC/VSM	↓ GPX4, FTH1, MT1G, SQSTM1, and SLC40A1	↑Ferroptosis
SSc-ILD	Lung	Alveolar type 1&2	↑ CASP1, CASP6, CASP8, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDMA	↑Pyroptosis
		Club/Gobelet/Basal	↑ CASP8, CASP1, GSDMB, and GSDMC	↑Pyroptosis
		Smooth Muscle/Pericyte	↑ CASP1, CASP4, CASP6, CASP8, and GSDMD	↑Pyroptosis
		EC	↑ GSDMB and GSDMC	↑Pyroptosis
		Mast cell	↑ CASP4, CASP6, CASP8, and GSDMD	↑Pyroptosis
CD	Terminal ileum	Epithelial cells	↓ GPX4, MT1G, FTL, and FTH1	↑Ferroptosis
EAO	Testes	Spermatids	↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4)	↑Ferroptosis
		Spermatocytes	↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4)	↑Ferroptosis
		Leydig cells/immune cells	↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4)	↑Ferroptosis
		Spermatogonia/Sertoli cells	↓ Ferroptosis suppressor geneset (such as GPX4)	↑Ferroptosis