Table 2.
Substance usea by colleagues.
| Respondents | No personal history of substance use (n = 988) | Personal history of substance use (n = 295) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Known colleague substance use | 1053 (82.07) | 791 (80.06) | 261 (88.78) | 0.001 |
| Number of colleagues known to use | < 0.0001 | |||
| 1–2 | 325 (30.89) | 269 (34.05) | 56 (21.46) | |
| 3–5 | 477 (45.34) | 357 (45.19) | 119 (45.59) | |
| 6–10 | 140 (13.31) | 102 (12.91) | 38 (14.56) | |
| > 10 | 110 (10.46) | 62 (7.85) | 48 (18.39) | |
| Substances utilizedb | ||||
| Illicit stimulants | 339 (32.38) | 237 (30.19) | 101 (38.70) | 0.01 |
| Prescribed stimulants | 382 (36.49) | 222 (28.28) | 160 (61.30) | < 0.0001 |
| Anesthetic agents | 401 (38.30) | 311 (39.62) | 89 (34.10) | 0.11 |
| Opioids | 702 (67.05) | 576 (73.38) | 125 (47.89) | < 0.0001 |
| Marijuana | 548 (52.34) | 364 (46.37) | 183 (70.11) | < 0.0001 |
| Benzodiazepines | 420 (40.11) | 283 (36.05) | 137 (52.49) | < 0.0001 |
| Sleep induction/Maintenance medications | 478 (45.65) | 314 (40.00) | 164 (62.84) | < 0.0001 |
| Otherc | 26 (2.48) | 19 (2.42) | 7 (2.68) | 0.81 |
| Time when use observed | 0.001 | |||
| Both during and after residency | 571 (54.64) | 408 (52.04) | 163 (62.45) | |
| During residency | 196 (18.76) | 144 (18.37) | 52 (19.92) | |
| After residency | 278 (26.60) | 232 (29.59) | 46 (17.62) | |
| Colleague withdrawn from professional activities due to substance use | 737 (70.26) | 595 (75.60) | 142 (54.41) | < 0.0001 |
| Colleague returned to original professional activities | 0.56 | |||
| Yes | 282 (38.37) | 234 (39.39) | 48 (34.04) | |
| Yes, needed to withdraw later | 274 (37.28) | 221 (37.21) | 53 (37.59) | |
| Did not return | 92 (12.52) | 71 (11.95) | 21 (14.89) | |
| Unknown | 87 (11.84) | 68 (11.45) | 19 (13.48) | |
| Respondent believed their colleague might have increased their occupational hazard | 979 (93.15) | 757 (95.94) | 221 (84.67) | < 0.0001 |
| Respondent believed their colleague might have jeopardized patient safety | 923 (88.16) | 723 (91.87) | 199 (76.83) | < 0.0001 |
Data is presented as n (%).
a
Note: Substance use is defined as ‘ever used or uses any substance with the potential of abuse to change mental status.
b
Respondents could select all that apply.
c
Other included alcohol, diethylpropion, crack, ecstasy, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, lysergic acid diethylamide, methamphetamine, fentanyl, toluene inhalation, lisdexamfetamine;