Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to incident stroke status
| Baseline characteristics | Participants, 8-year follow up, n (%) | P-value# | Unadjusted model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 7108) | Stroke | |||||
| Yes (n = 409) | No (n = 6699) | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 3172 (44.6) | 197 (6.2) | 2975 (93.8) | 0.141 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Female | 3931 (55.3) | 212 (5.4) | 3719 (94.6) | 0.865 (0.712–1.050) | 0.142 | |
| Missing data | 5 (0.1) | |||||
| Age, median (IQR), year | 57.0 (51.0, 64.0) | 60.0 (56.0, 67.0) | 57.0 (50.0, 63.0) | < 0.001 | 1.040 (1.030–1.050) | < 0.001 |
| Age group, year | ||||||
| ≥ 45 | 329 (4.6) | 3 (0.9) | 326 (99.1) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 45–60 | 4198 (59.1) | 202 (4.8) | 3996 (95.2) | 5.393 (1.725–16.862) | 0.004 | |
| 60–70 | 1881 (26.5) | 141 (7.5) | 1740 (92.5) | 8.485 (2.704–26.624) | < 0.001 | |
| > 70 | 689 (9.7) | 62 (9.0) | 627 (91.0) | 10.238 (3.214–32.613) | < 0.001 | |
| Missing data | 11 (0.2) | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 6399 (90.0) | 352 (5.5) | 6047 (94.5) | 0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Separated or divorced | 61 (0.9) | 1 (1.6) | 60 (98.4) | 0.293 (0.041–2.086) | 0.220 | |
| Widowed | 606 (8.5) | 55 (9.1) | 551 (90.9) | 1.675 (1.260–2.225) | < 0.001 | |
| Never married | 42 (0.6) | 1 (2.4) | 41 (97.6) | 0.424 (0.060–3.021) | 0.392 | |
| Education level | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 4837 (68.1) | 292 (6.0) | 4545 (94.0) | 0.153 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Middle school | 1506 (21.2) | 71 (4.7) | 1435 (95.3) | 0.779 (0.601–1.010) | 0.059 | |
| High school or above | 763 (10.7) | 45 (5.9) | 718 (94.1) | 0.976 (0.713–1.336) | 0.880 | |
| Missing data | 2 (0) | |||||
| Ever smoking | ||||||
| No | 4441 (62.5) | 239 (5.4) | 4202 (94.6) | 0.082 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 2667 (37.5) | 170 (6.4) | 2497 (93.6) | 1.189 (0.977–1.448) | 0.084 | |
| Last year drinking | ||||||
| No | 4757 (66.9) | 274 (5.8) | 4483 (94.2) | 0.976 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 2351 (33.1) | 135 (5.7) | 2216 (94.3) | 0.993 (0.808–1.220) | 0.948 | |
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural | 6589 (92.7) | 389 (5.9) | 6200 (94.1) | 0.055 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Urban | 518 (7.3) | 20 (3.9) | 498 (96.1) | 0.645 (0.411–1.011) | 0.056 | |
| Missing data | 1 (0) | |||||
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.6 (4.1) | 23.5 (4.1) | 24.5 (4.3) | < 0.001 | 1.044 (1.025–1.064) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 126.0 (114.0, 140.3) | 134.3 (120.8, 150.5) | 125.3 (113.7, 139.7) | < 0.001 | 1.008 (1.005–1.010) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 74.3 (67.0, 83.0) | 78.3 (69.8, 87.2) | 78.3 (69.8, 87.2) | < 0.001 | 1.027 (1.019–1.036) | < 0.001 |
| hs-CRP, median (IQR), mg/dL | 0.97 (0.53, 1.97) | 1.25 (0.64, 2.48) | 0.95 (0.52, 1.94) | < 0.001 | 1.014 (1.006–1.022) | < 0.001 |
| FBG, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.88 (1.45) | 6.08 (1.68) | 5.87 (1.43) | 0.006 | 1.071 (1.021–1.123) | 0.005 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD) (%) | 5.19 (0.61) | 5.24 (0.56) | 5.18 (0.61) | 0.069 | 1.132 (0.989–1.296) | 0.072 |
| Serum creatinine, mean (SD), μmol/L | 67.81 (15.92) | 69.55 (16.86) | 67.71 (15.85) | 0.024 | 1.007 (1.001–1.012) | 0.023 |
| Total Cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.01 (1.00) | 5.15 (0.98) | 5.00 (1.00) | 0.004 | 1.141 (1.042–1.248) | 0.004 |
| Triglyceride, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.46 (1.18) | 1.57 (1.00) | 1.45 (1.20) | 0.045 | 1.065 (1.001–1.134) | 0.047 |
| HDL-c, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.33 (0.39) | 1.28 (0.39) | 1.34 (0.39) | 0.005 | 0.688 (0.529–0.893) | 0.005 |
| LDL-c, mean (SD), mmol/L | 3.04 (0.89) | 3.17 (0.92) | 3.03 (0.89) | 0.003 | 1.173 (1.057–1.302) | 0.003 |
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dL | 14.41 (2.19) | 14.65 (2.37) | 14.39 (2.18) | 0.020 | 1.050 (1.007–1.095) | 0.021 |
| Uric Acid, mean (SD), μmol/L | 260.66 (71.51) | 267.84 (77.33) | 260.22 (71.12) | 0.038 | 1.001 (1.000–1.003) | 0.042 |
| Cystatin C, mean (SD), mg/L | 0.99 (0.23) | 1.03 (0.24) | 0.99 (0.23) | 0.003 | 1.667 (1.220–2.277) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 4551 (64.0) | 174 (3.8) | 4377 (96.2) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 2557 (36.0) | 235 (9.2) | 2322 (90.8) | 2.469 (2.030–3.004) | < 0.001 | |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| No | 5149 (72.4) | 246 (4.8) | 4903 (95.2) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 1959 (27.6) | 163 (8.3) | 1796 (91.7) | 1.776 (1.457–2.165) | < 0.001 | |
| Heart problems | ||||||
| No | 6323 (89.0) | 336 (5.3) | 5987 (94.7) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 763 (10.7) | 72 (9.4) | 691 (90.6) | 1.807 (1.401–2.330) | < 0.001 | |
| Missing data | 22 (0.3) | |||||
| Diabetic Status | ||||||
| Others | 3126 (44.0) | 155 (5.0) | 2971 (95.0) | 0.032 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Prediabetes | 3298 (46.4) | 207 (6.3) | 3091 (93.7) | 1.273 (1.034–1.568) | 0.023 | |
| Diabetes | 684 (9.6) | 47 (6.9) | 637 (93.1) | 1.399 (1.009–1.939) | 0.044 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||||
| No | 6644 (93.5) | 376 (5.7) | 6268 (94.3) | 0.098 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 436 (6.1) | 33 (7.6) | 403 (92.4) | 1.345 (0.942–1.920) | 0.102 | |
| Missing data | 28 (0.4) | |||||
| CES-D scores, median (IQR) | 7 (3, 12) | 8.0 (4.0, 14.0) | 7.0 (3.0, 12.0) | 0.005 | 1.024 (1.009–1.039) | 0.001 |
Abbreviation SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, hs-CRP High sensitivity C-reactive protein, FBG Fasting blood glucose, HDL-c HDL cholesterol, LDL-c LDL cholesterol, BMI Body mass index, CESD-10 The 10-item Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CESD-10), HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval
# The Chi-square test for categorical variables and the t-test or Wilcoxon test for continuous variables were used to assess the differences between the groups