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. 2022 Aug 12;22:660. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03329-4

Table 3.

The independent associations of multiple chronic disease status and depressive symptoms as well as their combination with incident stroke

Incident stroke (case, No.) Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
MCD a
  0 90 4.00 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
  1 150 7.71 1.922 (1.480–2.497)  < 0.001 1.607 (1.213–2.130) 0.001 1.562 (1.124–2.170) 0.008
  ≥ 2 168 13.47 3.336 (2.582–4.309)  < 0.001 2.578 (1.946–3.415)  < 0.001 2.436 (1.702–3.487)  < 0.001
Depressive symptoms
  No 294 6.97 1.00 (reference) NA NA
  Yes 115 9.16 1.313 (1.058 ~ 1.629) 0.013 NA NA
Combined effects
  MCD(0)-not having depressive symptoms 67 3.75 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
  MCD(0)-having depressive symptoms 23 4.97 1.326 (0.825–2.129) 0.243 1.469 (0.897–2.406) 0.127 1.662 (0.953–2.897) 0.073
  MCD(1)-not having depressive symptoms 113 7.52 2.002 (1.480–2.708)  < 0.001 1.756 (1.268–2.432) 0.001 1.738 (1.182–2.555) 0.005
  MCD(1)-having depressive symptoms 37 8.35 2.219 (1.485–3.315)  < 0.001 1.795 (1.143–2.817) 0.011 1.943 (1.166–3.238) 0.011
  MCD(≥ 2)-not having depressive symptoms 113 12.45 3.290 (2.432–4.451)  < 0.001 2.730 (1.963–3.796)  < 0.001 2.793 (1.842–4.234)  < 0.001
  MCD(≥ 2)-having depressive symptoms 55 16.23 4.276 (2.993–6.109)  < 0.001 3.262 (2.183–4.876)  < 0.001 3.000 (1.846–4.877)  < 0.001
Multiplicative interaction
  Multiple chronic disease × Depressive symptoms NA NA NA 0.941 NA 0.640 NA 0.258

Abbreviation: MCD Multiple chronic diseases, No. Number, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, NA Not applicable

Model 1: Unadjusted model

Model 2: Adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, ever smoking, last year drinking, residence, and body mass index at baseline

Model 3: Adjusting for the variables in Model 2 plus clinical variables, including fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, creatine, total Cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, High sensitivity C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, uric acid, and Cystatin C