Table 3.
The independent associations of multiple chronic disease status and depressive symptoms as well as their combination with incident stroke
| Incident stroke (case, No.) | Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| MCD a | ||||||||
| 0 | 90 | 4.00 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 1 | 150 | 7.71 | 1.922 (1.480–2.497) | < 0.001 | 1.607 (1.213–2.130) | 0.001 | 1.562 (1.124–2.170) | 0.008 |
| ≥ 2 | 168 | 13.47 | 3.336 (2.582–4.309) | < 0.001 | 2.578 (1.946–3.415) | < 0.001 | 2.436 (1.702–3.487) | < 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||||
| No | 294 | 6.97 | 1.00 (reference) | NA | NA | |||
| Yes | 115 | 9.16 | 1.313 (1.058 ~ 1.629) | 0.013 | NA | NA | ||
| Combined effects | ||||||||
| MCD(0)-not having depressive symptoms | 67 | 3.75 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| MCD(0)-having depressive symptoms | 23 | 4.97 | 1.326 (0.825–2.129) | 0.243 | 1.469 (0.897–2.406) | 0.127 | 1.662 (0.953–2.897) | 0.073 |
| MCD(1)-not having depressive symptoms | 113 | 7.52 | 2.002 (1.480–2.708) | < 0.001 | 1.756 (1.268–2.432) | 0.001 | 1.738 (1.182–2.555) | 0.005 |
| MCD(1)-having depressive symptoms | 37 | 8.35 | 2.219 (1.485–3.315) | < 0.001 | 1.795 (1.143–2.817) | 0.011 | 1.943 (1.166–3.238) | 0.011 |
| MCD(≥ 2)-not having depressive symptoms | 113 | 12.45 | 3.290 (2.432–4.451) | < 0.001 | 2.730 (1.963–3.796) | < 0.001 | 2.793 (1.842–4.234) | < 0.001 |
| MCD(≥ 2)-having depressive symptoms | 55 | 16.23 | 4.276 (2.993–6.109) | < 0.001 | 3.262 (2.183–4.876) | < 0.001 | 3.000 (1.846–4.877) | < 0.001 |
| Multiplicative interaction | ||||||||
| Multiple chronic disease × Depressive symptoms | NA | NA | NA | 0.941 | NA | 0.640 | NA | 0.258 |
Abbreviation: MCD Multiple chronic diseases, No. Number, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, NA Not applicable
Model 1: Unadjusted model
Model 2: Adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, ever smoking, last year drinking, residence, and body mass index at baseline
Model 3: Adjusting for the variables in Model 2 plus clinical variables, including fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, creatine, total Cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, High sensitivity C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, uric acid, and Cystatin C