Table 2.

Clinical features of patients with and without POCD on day 7 (values expressed as mean ± standard deviation).

	POCD absent (n = 58)	POCD present (n = 24)	p-value
Age, years	60.6 ± 7.6	66 ± 7.2	0.062
Education, years	9.7 ± 3.3	10.7 ± 3.3	0.276
Duration of Trendelenburg, min	211 ± 36	296 ± 54	0.025a
Duration of anesthesia, min	300 ± 37	394 ± 63	0.012a
S100B values
Baseline	0.24 ± 0.07	0.24 ± 0.07	0.967
After induction	0.30 ± 0.10	0.28 ± 0.09	0.473
Postoperative 30 min	1.01 ± 0.28	1.66 ± 0.26	0.0001a
Postoperative 24 hours	0.36 ± 0.14	0.57 ± 0.19	0.001a
Baseline test scores
MMSE	27.4 ± 3.1 (27–30)	27.6 ± 2.2 (26–30)	0.496
TMT-a	58.9 ± 11.2	55.2 ± 11.3	0.246
TMT-b	128 ± 18.9	121.5 ± 13.5	0.195
RAVLT (delayed recall)	5.2 ± 1.1	5.5 ± 1.1	0.434
DST forward	5.2 ± 0.6	5.2 ± 0.5	0.763
DST backward	3.9 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.8	0.405
GPT dominant	104.3 ± 13.5	96.7 ± 12.9	0.046
GPT non-dominant	122.5 ± 15.1	121.2 ± 16.2	0.775
Test scores on postoperative day 7
TMT-a	67.6 ± 10.4	106 ± 14.6	0.0001a
TMT-b	133.8 ± 14.2	166.9 ± 17	0.0001a
RAVLT	5.2 ± 0.9	4.5 ± 1.6	0.033a
DST forward	4.3 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 1.2	0.059
DST backward	2.9 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 0.9	0.212
GPT dominant	108 ± 13	122.3 ± 27.4	0.007a
GPT non-dominant	130.4 ± 17.4	155.6 ± 23.5	0.0001a

POCD, Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; TMT, Trail Making Test; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; DST, Digit Span Test; GPT, Grooved Pegboard Test.

^ap < 0.05.