Table 1.

Severity grading of anaphylactic reactions according to Ring and Messmer.

Grade	Symptoms
I	Skin symptoms and/or mild fever reaction
II	Measurable, but not life-threatening
	Cardiovascular reaction (tachycardia, hypotension)
	Gastrointestinal disturbance (nausea)
	Respiratory disturbance
III	Shock, life-threatening spasm of smooth muscles (bronchi, uterus)
IV	Cardiac and/or respiratory arrest