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. 2022 Aug 8;12(13):6021–6037. doi: 10.7150/thno.70448

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Binding ability of SILY-EVs to collagen and their effects on biological functions. (A) Images of attached PKH67-labeled EVs or SILY-EVs on collagen surface. Scale bar = 3 μm. (B) Quantification of the numbers of EVs or SILY-EVs attached to the collagen surface. (C) Quantification of the numbers of the EVs or SILY-EVs unattached to the collagen surface by using NTA. (D) Images and (E) quantification of HECFC viability, green for live cells and red for dead cells, cultured on the collagen surfaces decorated with EVs or SILY-EVs under the ischemic simulated environment. Scale bar = 50 μm. (F) Survival of HECFCs and (G) expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in HECFCs cultured on the collagen surfaces decorated with EVs or SILY-EVs under the ischemic simulated environment. (H) Images and (I) quantification of Ki67 positive HECFCs cultured on the collagen surfaces decorated with EVs or SILY-EVs. Scale bar = 10 μm. (J) Proliferation of HECFCs cultured on the collagen surfaces decorated with EVs or SILY-EVs. (K) Expression of pro-angiogenic genes (KDR and TIE2) in HECFCs cultured on the collagen surfaces decorated with EVs or SILY-EVs. (L) Expression of IFN-γ and IL10 related to inflammatory responses in the LPS-stimulated human macrophage-like THP-1 cells cultured on the collagen surfaces decorated with EVs or SILY-EVs. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (n = 6).