Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics at Baseline
| Variables | Minor Allele of FOXO3_rs2802292 | Residence | Overall | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (N = 1 552) | 1 (N = 1 248) | 2 (N = 285) | Rural (N = 2 090) | Urban (N = 995) | (N = 3 085) | |
| Sex: n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 718 (46.3) | 587 (47.0) | 146 (51.2) | 975 (46.7) | 476 (47.8) | 1 451 (47.0) |
| Female | 834 (53.7) | 661 (53.0) | 139 (48.8) | 1 115 (53.3) | 519 (52.2) | 1 634 (53.0) |
| Age | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 84.5 (11.4) | 85.5 (11.1) | 84.7 (11.0) | 84.8 (11.2) | 85.2 (11.3) | 84.9 (11.3) |
| Median [Min, Max] | 86.0 [65.0, 107] | 87.0 [65.0, 110] | 86.0 [65.0, 107] | 86.0 [65.0, 107] | 87.0 [65.0, 110] | 86.0 [65.0, 110] |
| Age group: n (%) | ||||||
| 65–79 | 444 (28.6) | 324 (26.0) | 76 (26.7) | 584 (27.9) | 260 (26.1) | 844 (27.4) |
| 80–89 | 502 (32.3) | 392 (31.4) | 95 (33.3) | 679 (32.5) | 310 (31.2) | 989 (32.1) |
| 90–99 | 428 (27.6) | 374 (30.0) | 83 (29.1) | 574 (27.5) | 311 (31.3) | 885 (28.7) |
| 100+ | 178 (11.5) | 158 (12.7) | 31 (10.9) | 253 (12.1) | 114 (11.5) | 367 (11.9) |
| Education year: n (%) | ||||||
| 0 year | 966 (62.2) | 775 (62.1) | 166 (58.2) | 1 377 (65.9) | 530 (53.3) | 1 907 (61.8) |
| ≥1 year | 586 (37.8) | 473 (37.9) | 119 (41.8) | 713 (34.1) | 465 (46.7) | 1 178 (38.2) |
| Marriage: n (%) | ||||||
| Married | 608 (39.2) | 449 (36.0) | 108 (37.9) | 775 (37.1) | 390 (39.2) | 1 165 (37.8) |
| Not married | 944 (60.8) | 799 (64.0) | 177 (62.1) | 1 315 (62.9) | 605 (60.8) | 1 920 (62.2) |
| Exercise: n (%) | ||||||
| Current | 439 (28.3) | 341 (27.3) | 81 (28.4) | 411 (19.7) | 450 (45.2) | 861 (27.9) |
| Former | 96 (6.2) | 66 (5.3) | 17 (6.0) | 108 (5.2) | 71 (7.1) | 179 (5.8) |
| Never | 1 017 (65.5) | 841 (67.4) | 187 (65.6) | 1 571 (75.2) | 474 (47.6) | 2 045 (66.3) |
| Smoking: n (%) | ||||||
| Current | 340 (21.9) | 278 (22.3) | 65 (22.8) | 469 (22.4) | 214 (21.5) | 683 (22.1) |
| Former | 204 (13.1) | 173 (13.9) | 34 (11.9) | 263 (12.6) | 148 (14.9) | 411 (13.3) |
| Never | 1 008 (64.9) | 797 (63.9) | 186 (65.3) | 1 358 (65.0) | 633 (63.6) | 1 991 (64.5) |
| Alcohol drinking: n (%) | ||||||
| Current | 355 (22.9) | 280 (22.4) | 58 (20.4) | 480 (23.0) | 213 (21.4) | 693 (22.5) |
| Former | 174 (11.2) | 113 (9.1) | 23 (8.1) | 204 (9.8) | 106 (10.7) | 310 (10.0) |
| Never | 1 023 (65.9) | 855 (68.5) | 204 (71.6) | 1 406 (67.3) | 676 (67.9) | 2 082 (67.5) |
| Contemporaneous NDVI in 0.1 unit | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.19 (2.00) | 4.39 (1.97) | 4.20 (1.98) | 4.64 (1.93) | 3.51 (1.89) | 4.27 (1.99) |
| Median [Min, Max] | 4.00 [−1.52, 9.04] | 4.22 [0.111, 8.82] | 3.93 [−0.212, 8.36] | 4.60 [−0.212, 8.69] | 3.14 [−1.52, 9.04] | 4.08 [−1.52, 9.04] |
| Three-year average PM2.5 in 10 μg/m³ | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.07 (1.41) | 5.04 (1.37) | 4.84 (1.46) | 5.08 (1.39) | 4.94 (1.41) | 5.04 (1.40) |
| Median [Min, Max] | 5.20 [0, 9.81] | 5.07 [0, 9.81] | 4.85 [0, 8.13] | 5.21 [0, 9.80] | 4.94 [0, 9.81] | 5.14 [0, 9.81] |
| Residence: n (%) | ||||||
| Rural | 1 037 (66.8) | 863 (69.2) | 190 (66.7) | — | — | 2 090 (67.7) |
| Urban | 515 (33.2) | 385 (30.8) | 95 (33.3) | — | — | 995 (32.3) |
| Minor allele of FOXO3_rs2802292: n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | — | — | — | 1 037 (49.6) | 515 (51.8) | 1 552 (50.3) |
| 1 | — | — | — | 863 (41.3) | 385 (38.7) | 1 248 (40.5) |
| 2 | — | — | — | 190 (9.1) | 95 (9.5) | 285 (9.2) |
| Minor allele of FOXO3_rs2253310: n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 1 546 (99.6) | 23 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 1 048 (50.1) | 521 (52.4) | 1 569 (50.9) |
| 1 | 6 (0.4) | 1 222 (97.9) | 1 (0.4) | 850 (40.7) | 379 (38.1) | 1 229 (39.8) |
| 2 | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | 284 (99.6) | 192 (9.2) | 95 (9.5) | 287 (9.3) |
| Minor allele of FOXO3_rs4946936: n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 1 519 (97.9) | 151 (12.1) | 4 (1.4) | 1 114 (53.3) | 560 (56.3) | 1 674 (54.3) |
| 1 | 33 (2.1) | 1 082 (86.7) | 73 (25.6) | 831 (39.8) | 357 (35.9) | 1 188 (38.5) |
| 2 | 0 (0) | 15 (1.2) | 208 (73.0) | 145 (6.9) | 78 (7.8) | 223 (7.2) |
Note: NDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; PM = particulate matter.