Table 3.
Participants Were Divided into Three Groups, i.e., Lowest, Middle and Highest Tertile, Based on Their STS Performance in the Free-Living Environment (Column 1: Number, Mean, or Maximal Angular Velocity of STS Transitions)
| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertiles based on number of STS* | ||||||
| Number of STS (no/d) | 5×STS test time (s) | Knee extension force (N/kg) | ||||
| Lowest (T1) | 24.5 (6.4) | 30.8 (8.0) | 12.9 (3.8) | 12.6 (3.5) | 4.0 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.6) |
| Middle (T2) | 39.2 (3.9) | 45.9 (3.7) | 12.8 (3.8) | 13.3 (5.1) | 4.3 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.5) |
| Highest (T3) | 59.1 (11.0) | 67.1 (12.5) | 12.3 (3.2) | 11.2 (3.2) | 4.3 (1.2) | 5.8 (1.2) |
| p Value # | <.001†,‡,§ | <.001†,‡,§ | .631 | .013‡ | .107 | .013§ |
| Tertiles based on mean angular velocity,‖ | ||||||
| Mean angular velocity (deg/s) | 5×STS test time (s) | Knee extension force (N/kg) | ||||
| Lowest (T1) | 47.2 (3.1) | 49.3 (3.8) | 13.1 (3.7) | 13.1 (4.1) | 3.8 (1.1) | 5.0 (1.2) |
| Middle (T2) | 55.9 (2.1) | 59.5 (1.9) | 13.0 (3.8) | 11.8 (3.7) | 4.3 (1.3) | 5.9 (1.8) |
| Highest (T3) | 65.7 (5.6) | 69.6 (5.5) | 11.9 (3.2) | 12.2 (4.5) | 4.5 (1.3) | 5.6 (1.2) |
| p Value # | <.001†,‡,§ | <.001†,‡,§ | .026§ | .078 | <.001†,§ | .004† |
| Tertiles based on max angular velocity¶ | ||||||
| Max angular velocity (deg/s) | 5×STS test time (s) | Knee extension force (N/kg) | ||||
| Lowest (T1) | 85.1 (8.7) | 91.7 (9.1) | 13.7 (3.8) | 13.6 (4.3) | 3.7 (1.1) | 4.9(1.3) |
| Middle (T2) | 104.2 (3.8) | 112.8 (5.0) | 12.5 (3.8) | 11.5 (3.2) | 4.3 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.3) |
| Highest (T3) | 127.3 (16.3) | 134.2 (13.4) | 11.8 (2.8) | 11.9 (4.4) | 4.7 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.6) |
| p Value # | <.001†,‡,§ | <.001†,‡,§ | <.001†,§ | .010†,§ | <.001†,‡,§ | <.001†,§ |
Notes: Data (mean [SD]) represent values of the different tertiles on lab-based measurements, i.e., 5-times-sit-to-stand test (5×STS time) and knee extension force normalized for body mass. SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery; SD = standard deviation; STS = sit-to-stand transitions.
*Women tertiles cutoff: T1 ≤ 33.17, T3 ≥ 46.00; Men tertiles cutoff: T1 ≤ 40.15, T3 ≥ 52.40.
†T1–T2 p < .05.
‡T2–T3 p < .05.
§T1–T3 p < .05.
‖Women tertiles cutoff: T1 ≤ 51.66, T3 ≥ 59.74; Men tertiles cutoff: T1 ≤ 55.32, T3 ≥ 62.67.
¶Women tertiles cutoff: T1 ≤ 97.22, T3 ≥ 111.21; Men tertiles cut-off: T1 ≤ 103.15, T3 ≥ 120.80.
#Independent-samples Kruskal–Wallis test (Pairwise: Dunn’s test, Bonferroni-Holm).