Table 3.
Positive RF1 | β2m5(mg/L) | IgA5(g/L) | IgG5(g/L) | IgM5(g/L) | BAFF5(pg/mL) | APRIL5(pg/mL) | sBCMA5(pg/mL) | sTACI5(pg/mL) | sCD215(pg/mL) | sCD235(pg/mL) | sCD255(pg/mL) | sCD275(pg/mL) | CXCL135(pg/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSc subtype
lc vs dc |
p=0.004
OR=5.18 (1.72;15.63) |
p=0.72 d=0.07 (-0.31;0.44) |
p=0.53 d=0.14 (-0.30;0.58) |
p=0.98 d=0.01 (-0.40;0.42) |
p=0.73 d=-0.07 (-0.45;0.31) |
p=0.91 d=-0.02 (-0.45;0.40) |
p=0.79 d=0.06 (-0.37;0.48) |
p=0.84 d=-0.04 (-0.46;0.37) |
p=0.17 d=0.30 (-0.13;0.74) |
p=0.15 d=0.30 (-0.11;0.72) |
p=0.03
d=0.46 (0.04;0.89) |
p=0.23 d=-0.27 (-0.71;0.17) |
p=0.08 d=-0.39 (-0.83;0.04) |
p=0.22 d=0.27 (-0.16;0.71) |
mRSS2 | p=0.29 OR=0.75 (0.44;1.27) |
p=0.50 ρ=-0.08 (-0.30;0.15) |
p=0.67 ρ=-0.05 (-0.27;0.18) |
p=0.21 ρ=-0.14 (-0.36;0.09) |
p=0.51 ρ=0.08 (-0.15;0.30) |
p=0.12 ρ=0.18 (-0.05;0.39) |
p=0.16 ρ=0.16 (-0.06;0.37) |
p=0.56 ρ=-0.07 (-0.29;0.16) |
p=0.79 ρ=-0.03 (-0.25;0.20) |
p=0.66 ρ=-0.05 (-0.27;0.18) |
p=0.36 ρ=-0.11 (-0.32;0.12) |
p=0.65 ρ=0.05 (-0.18;0.27) |
p=0.98 ρ=-0.003 (-0.23;0.22) |
p=0.87 ρ=-0.02 (-0.24;0.21) |
Disease duration2
(years) |
p=0.90 OR=1.03 (0.65;1.64) |
p=0.62 ρ=-0.06 (-0.28;0.17) |
p=0.70 ρ=-0.04 (-0.27;0.18) |
p=0.57 ρ=-0.07 (-0.28;0.16) |
p=0.85 ρ=0.02 (-0.20;0.24) |
p=0.42 ρ=0.09 (-0.14;0.31) |
p=0.33 ρ=-0.11 (-0.33;0.11) |
p=0.78 ρ=-0.03 (-0.25;0.19) |
p=0.44 ρ=-0.09 (-0.31;0.14) |
p=0.78 ρ=-0.03 (-0.25;0.19) |
p=0.71 ρ=0.04 (-0.18;0.26) |
p=0.88 ρ=-0.02 (-0.24;0.21) |
p=0.90 ρ=-0.01 (-0.24;0.21) |
p=0.41 ρ=-0.10 (-0.31;0.13) |
Auto-Ab
ATA vs ACA ARA vs ACA other vs ACA |
p=0.46 OR 1.90 (0.42;8.53) OR 5.12 (0.68;38.46) OR 2.11 (0.48;9.25) |
p=0.63 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.10) |
p=0.23 η2 = 0.06 (0.00;0.16) |
p<0.0001
η2 = 0.29 (0.09;0.42) |
p=0.82 η2 = 0.01 (0.00;0.06) |
p=0.64 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.09) |
p=0.02
η2 = 0.14 (0.00;0.26) |
p=0.40 η2 = 0.04 (0.00;0.13) |
p=0.62 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.10) |
p=0.51 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.11) |
p=0.40 η2 = 0.04 (0.00;0.13) |
p=0.64 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.09) |
p=0.19 η2 = 0.07 (0.00;0.17) |
p=0.24 η2 = 0.06 (0.00;0.16) |
ILD
lim vs none ext vs none |
p=0.18 OR 0.94 (0.28;3.14) OR 0.34 (0.09;1.23) |
p=0.70 η2 = 0.01 (0.00;0.07) |
p=0.10 η2 = 0.06 (0.00;0.17) |
p=0.36 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.11) |
p=0.96 η2 = 0.001 (0.00;0.01) |
p=0.16 η2 = 0.05 (0.00;0.15) |
p=0.02
η2 = 0.10 (0.00;0.22) |
p=0.02
η2 = 0.10 (0.00;0.22) |
p=0.76 η2 = 0.01 (0.00;0.06) |
p=0.17 η2 = 0.05 (0.00;0.15) |
p=0.89 η2 = 0.003 (0.00;0.04) |
p=0.20 η2 = 0.04 (0.00;0.14) |
p=0.11 η2 = 0.06 (0.00;0.16) |
p=0.36 η2 = 0.03 (0.00;0.11) |
FVC4
(%) |
p=0.38 OR=0.39 (0.05;3.15) |
p=0.05 ρ=-0.22 (-0.42;0.004) |
p=0.002
ρ=-0.35 (-0.53;-0.14) |
p=0.03
ρ=-0.25 (-0.45;-0.03) |
p=0.59 ρ=-0.06 (-0.28;0.16) |
p=0.99 ρ=-0.001 (-0.22;0.22) |
p=0.94 ρ=-0.01 (-0.23;0.22) |
p=0.56 ρ=-0.07 (-0.29;0.16) |
p=0.16 ρ=-0.16 (-0.37;0.06) |
p=0.67 ρ=0.05 (-0.18;0.27) |
p=0.79 ρ=-0.03 (-0.25;0.20) |
p=0.47 ρ=0.08 (-0.14;0.30) |
p=0.66 ρ=0.05 (-0.18;0.27) |
p=0.06 ρ=-0.22 (-0.42;0.01) |
PH
vs no PH |
p=0.03
OR=4.41 (1.15;16.92) |
p=0.07 d=0.41 (-0.03;0.85) |
p=0.97 d=-0.01 (-0.52;0.50) |
p=0.01
d=-0.68 (-1.17;-0.19) |
p=0.87 d=-0.04 (-0.48;0.41) |
p=0.82 d=0.06 (-0.44;0.56) |
p=0.34 d=-0.24 (-0.74;0.25) |
p=0.47 d=0.18 (-0.31;0.67) |
p=0.90 d=-0.03 (-0.54;0.47) |
p=0.07 d=0.46 (-0.03;0.94) |
p=0.17 d=0.34 (-0.15;0.84) |
p=0.36 d=-0.24 (-0.75;0.27) |
p=0.14 d=-0.39 (-0.89;0.12) |
p=0.65 d=0.12 (-0.39;0.63) |
Nt-pro-BNP3
(pg/mL) |
p=0.36 OR=1.20 (0.82;1.75) |
p=0.01
ρ=0.31 (0.09;0.50) |
p=0.83 ρ=0.03 (-0.20;0.25) |
p=0.96 ρ=0.01 (-0.22;0.23) |
p=0.50 ρ=-0.08 (-0.30;0.15) |
p=0.85 ρ=-0.02 (-0.24;0.20) |
p=0.83 ρ=-0.02 (-0.25;0.20) |
p=0.07 ρ=0.21 (-0.02;0.41) |
p=0.46 ρ=0.09 (-0.14;0.30) |
p=0.35 ρ=0.11 (-0.12;0.32) |
p=0.28 ρ=0.13 (-0.10;0.34) |
p=0.92 ρ=0.01 (-0.21;0.24) |
p=0.85 ρ=-0.02 (-0.24;0.20) |
p=0.29 ρ=0.12 (-0.11;0.34) |
Peak TRV3
(m/s) |
p=0.004
OR=12.23 (2.23;66.90) |
p=0.26 ρ=0.14 (-0.11;0.37) |
p=0.48 ρ=-0.09 (-0.32;0.16) |
p=0.27 ρ=-0.14 (-0.37;0.11) |
p=0.22 ρ=0.15 (-0.09;0.38) |
p=0.002
ρ=0.37 (0.13;0.56) |
p=0.40 ρ=0.10 (-0.14;0.34) |
p=0.80 ρ=-0.03 (-0.27;0.21) |
p=0.28 ρ=-0.14 (-0.36;0.11) |
p=0.23 ρ=-0.15 (-0.38;0.10) |
p=0.62 ρ=0.06 (-0.18;0.30) |
p=0.98 ρ=-0.003 (-0.24;0.24) |
p=0.31 ρ=-0.13 (-0.36;0.12) |
p=0.95 ρ=-0.01 (-0.25;0.23) |
DLCO4
(%) |
p=0.01
OR=0.03 (0.002;0.43) |
p=0.02
ρ=-0.27 (-0.47;-0.05) |
p=0.21 ρ=-0.15 (-0.36;0.08) |
p=0.74 ρ=0.04 (-0.19;0.26) |
p=0.83 ρ=0.03 (-0.20;0.25) |
p=0.09 ρ=-0.20 (-0.41;0.03) |
p=0.90 ρ=-0.01 (-0.24;0.21) |
p=0.96 ρ=-0.01 (-0.23;0.22) |
p=0.87 ρ=0.02 (-0.21;0.25) |
p=0.84 ρ=0.02 (-0.21;0.25) |
p=0.07 ρ=-0.21 (-0.42;0.02) |
p=0.44 ρ=0.09 (-0.14;0.31) |
p=0.36 ρ=0.11 (-0.12;0.33) |
p=0.15 ρ=-0.17 (-0.38;0.06) |
CRP2
(mg/L) |
p=0.68 OR=1.15 (0.59;2.28) |
p=0.03
ρ=0.25 (0.02;0.45) |
p=0.51 ρ=-0.08 (-0.29;0.15) |
p=0.76 ρ=0.03 (-0.19;0.26) |
p=0.20 ρ=0.15 (-0.08;0.36) |
p=0.001
ρ=0.37 (0.15;0.54) |
p=0.002
ρ=0.35 (0.13;0.53) |
p=0.67 ρ=-0.05 (-0.27;0.18) |
p=0.81 ρ=0.03 (-0.20;0.25) |
p=0.02
ρ=-0.26 (-0.46;-0.04) |
p=0.99 ρ=0.001 (-0.22;0.23) |
p=0.03
ρ=0.24 (0.02;0.44) |
p=0.92 ρ=0.01 (-0.21;0.23) |
p=0.85 ρ=0.02 (-0.20;0.25) |
EScSG-AI score2 | p=0.15 OR=2.12 (0.76;5.92) |
p=0.12 ρ=0.18 (-0.05;0.39) |
p=0.34 ρ=0.11 (-0.12;0.33) |
p=0.85 ρ=-0.02 (-0.25;0.21) |
p=0.30 ρ=0.12 (-0.11;0.34) |
p=0.08 ρ=0.20 (-0.03;0.41) |
p=0.38 ρ=0.10 (-0.13;0.32) |
p=0.48 ρ=-0.08 (-0.30;0.15) |
p=0.45 ρ=0.09 (-0.14;0.31) |
p=0.02
ρ=-0.28 (-0.47;-0.05) |
p=0.84 ρ=-0.02 (-0.25;0.20) |
p=0.17 ρ=0.16 (-0.07;0.37) |
p=0.74 ρ=0.04 (-0.19;0.26) |
p=0.07 ρ=0.21 (-0.02;0.42) |
Medsger score2 | p=0.97 OR=1.00 (0.85;1.18) |
p=0.01
ρ=0.29 (0.06;0.48) |
p=0.57 ρ=0.07 (-0.16;0.29) |
p=0.87 ρ=0.02 (-0.21;0.25) |
p=0.74 ρ=0.04 (-0.19;0.26) |
p=0.06 ρ=0.22 (-0.01;0.43) |
p=0.40 ρ=0.10 (-0.13;0.32) |
p=0.90 ρ=-0.01 (-0.24;0.21) |
p=0.26 ρ=0.13 (-0.10;0.35) |
p=0.64 ρ=0.06 (-0.18;0.28) |
p=0.80 ρ=0.03 (-0.20;0.26) |
p=0.91 ρ=0.01 (-0.22;0.24) |
p=0.74 ρ=0.04 (-0.19;0.26) |
p=0.20 ρ=0.15 (-0.08;0.37) |
ACA, anti-centromere antibodies; ARA, anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies; ATA, anti-topoisomerase antibodies; APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand; BAFF, B-cell-activating factor; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; CD, cluster of differentiation; CRP, C-reactive protein; CXCL13, C-X-C motif chemokine 13; dc, diffuse cutaneous; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; EScSG-AI, European Scleroderma Study Group Activity Index; ext, extensive; FVC, forced vital capacity; Ig, immunoglobulin; lc, limited cutaneous; lim, limited; mRSS, modified Rodnan skin score; Nt-pro-BNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; PH, pulmonary hypertension; RF, rheumatoid factor; s, soluble; SD, standard deviation; SSc, systemic sclerosis; TACI, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor; TRV, tricuspid regurgitation velocity; β2m, β2-microglobulin.
All analyses are adjusted for age, gender and immunosuppressive treatments. Given the exploratory nature of this analysis, p-values were not corrected for multiplicity.
1 For associations between binary biomarkers (RF) and disease characteristics, effect sizes are expressed as odds ratio (OR) for the risk of positive RF (with 95% confidence interval).
2 OR per increasing of one unit in the log transformed variable.
3 OR per increasing of one unit in the original variable.
4 OR per increasing of 100 units in the original variables.
5 For associations between quantitative biomarkers and quantitative disease characteristics, effect sizes are expressed as the partial Spearman correlation coefficient ρ (with 95% confidence interval). The usual interpretation is that an absolute value of correlation between 0.00 to 0.19 is very weak; 0.20 to 0.39 weak; 0.40 to 0.59 moderate; 0.60 to 0.79 strong; and greater than 0.80 very strong.
For associations between quantitative biomarkers and binary disease characteristics, effect sizes are expressed as the Cohen d. Values of 0.20–0.49 represent a small change; values of 0.50–0.79 a medium change; and values of ≥ 0.80 a large change.
For associations between quantitative biomarkers and nominal disease characteristics, effect sizes are expressed by the partial η2 statistics proposed by Cohen. It is the partial proportion of variation accounted for by the effect being tested. Values of 0.01 are small; 0.06 medium; and 0.14 large.