TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the tertile of the Gensini score.
| Variables | Low GS (GS < 32, n = 221) | Intermediate GS (GS: 32–64, n = 215) | High GS (GS > 64, n = 217) | p-value |
| General conditions | ||||
| Age (years) | 60.22 ± 9.77 | 59.63 ± 8.97 | 60.39 ± 9.92 | 0.684 |
| Male, n (%) | 133 (60.2) | 158 (73.5) | 160 (73.7) | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.84 ± 3.39 | 26.02 ± 3.24 | 26.45 ± 2.92 | 0.124 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.59 ± 17.06 | 132.48 ± 17.80 | 134.44 ± 19.96 | 0.408 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.39 ± 11.52 | 75.30 ± 11.42 | 75.38 ± 10.97 | 0.530 |
| LVEF (%) | 61.08 ± 10.02 | 58.34 ± 10.69 | 58.92 ± 10.34 | 0.014 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Current smoking | 18 (8.1) | 29 (13.5) | 21 (9.7) | 0.172 |
| FH-CAD | 38 (17.2) | 56 (26.0) | 103 (47.5) | <0.001 |
| Glucose metabolism status | 0.018 | |||
| NGR | 137 (62.0) | 127 (59.1) | 104 (47.9) | |
| PDM | 32 (14.5) | 29 (13.5) | 32 (14.7) | |
| DM | 52 (23.5) | 59 (27.4) | 81 (37.3) | |
| Hypertension | 150 (67.9) | 130 (60.5) | 134 (61.8) | 0.228 |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| FPG (mg/dl) | 92.26 (83.70–109.74) | 91.00 (84.15–108.48) | 94.60 (85.14–114.70) | 0.104 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 149.61 (129.12–175.71) | 141.88 (127.19–164.31) | 148.84 (123.13–178.80) | 0.114 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 120.42 (88.55–157.17) | 114.22 (88.55–146.10) | 115.99 (91.64–157.17) | 0.396 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 87.73 (70.75–113.66) | 85.44 (72.29–103.61) | 92.40 (71.33–116.37) | 0.103 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 46.39 (40.98–52.96) | 43.30 (37.89–51.42) | 42.14 (37.50–48.33) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 103.42 (93.14–117.45) | 103.00 (89.56–116.38) | 103.52 (89.22–119.54) | 0.770 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 303.00 (258.50–352.00) | 306.00 (262.00–368.00) | 304.00 (270.00–355.50) | 0.301 |
| Cardiovascular medications, n (%) | ||||
| Single antiplatelet therapy | 41 (18.6) | 54 (25.1) | 43 (19.8) | 0.206 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 0 | 7 (3.3) | 12 (5.5) | 0.002 |
| Beta-blocker | 16 (7.2) | 15 (7.0) | 12 (5.5) | 0.741 |
| ACEI/ARB | 18 (8.1) | 22 (10.2) | 18 (8.3) | 0.696 |
| Statin | 37 (16.7) | 48 (22.3) | 34 (15.7) | 0.157 |
| Diabetic medications, n (%) | ||||
| Insulin | 31 (14.0) | 25 (11.6) | 42 (19.4) | 0.070 |
| Metformin | 24 (10.9) | 21 (9.8) | 22 (10.1) | 0.929 |
| Other hypoglycemic drugs | 29 (13.1) | 31 (14.4) | 45 (20.7) | 0.069 |
| TG/HDL-C ratio | 2.48 (1.83–3.66) | 2.73 (1.86–3.63) | 2.71 (2.02–3.88) | 0.115 |
| TyG index | 8.63 (8.27–9.00) | 8.58 (8.30–8.89) | 8.66 (8.36–9.03) | 0.119 |
| METS-IR | 38.80 (34.18–43.70) | 39.18 (35.00–44.12) | 41.01 (36.71–44.75) | 0.005 |
Data were given as mean ± SD, median with interquartile range or n (%).
p-values in bold are < 0.05.
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; FH-CAD, family history of coronary artery disease; NGR, normal glucose regulation; PDM, prediabetes mellitus; DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA, uric acid; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; TG/HDL-C ratio, the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TyG index, triglyceride and glucose index; METS-IR, metabolic score for insulin resistance.