Table 1.
Individual characteristics of prostate cancer cases and population controls with 20 years of complete residential history from 1975 to 1994 (N = 2,844), NECSS, Canada
| Variables | Cases (N = 1,420) | Controls (N = 1,424) |
|---|---|---|
| Province | ||
| Alberta | 205 (14.4) | 176 (12.4) |
| British Columbia | 436 (30.7) | 188 (13.2) |
| Manitoba | 88 (6.2) | 96 (6.7) |
| Newfoundland | 61 (4.3) | 80 (5.6) |
| Nova Scotia | 98 (6.9) | 235 (16.5) |
| Ontario | 401 (28.2) | 514 (36.1) |
| PEI | 63 (4.4) | 45 (3.2) |
| Saskatchewan | 68 (4.8) | 90 (6.3) |
| Ethnicity/race | ||
| Caucasian | 1,372 (96.6) | 1,330 (93.4) |
| Black | 6 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) |
| Asian | 14 (1.0) | 67 (4.7) |
| Other | 21 (1.5) | 14 (1.0) |
| Missing | 7 (0.5) | 8 (0.6) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married, common law | 1,243 (87.5) | 1,235 (86.7) |
| Divorced/separated/single | 126 (8.9) | 121 (8.5) |
| Single | 48 (3.4) | 65 (4.6) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Missing | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) |
| Total household income | ||
| < 10,000 | 32 (2.3) | 38 (2.7) |
| 10,000–19,999 | 147 (10.4) | 149 (10.5) |
| 20,000–29,999 | 252 (17.7) | 235 (16.5) |
| 30,000–49,999 | 373 (26.3) | 363 (25.5) |
| 50,000–99,999 | 253 (17.8) | 250 (17.6) |
| > 100,000 | 47 (3.3) | 51 (3.6) |
| Prefer not to respond | 273 (19.2) | 291 (20.4) |
| Missing | 43 (3.0) | 47 (3.3) |
| Income adequacya | ||
| Low income | 190 (13.4) | 200 (14.0) |
| Low middle income | 258 (18.2) | 251 (17.6) |
| Upper middle income | 358 (25.2) | 366 (25.7) |
| High income | 280 (19.7) | 252 (17.7) |
| Missing | 334 (23.5) | 355 (24.9) |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 11.4 (3.8) | 11.4 (4.0) |
| Missing | 18 (13) | 16 (1.1) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 66.7 (5.6) | 65.5 (6.4) |
| Missing | 2 (0.1) | 4 (0.3) |
| Height (meter), mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) |
| Missing | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
| < 20 | 15 (1.1) | 27 (1.9) |
| 20–25 | 469 (33.0) | 462 (32.4) |
| 25–30 | 722 (50.8) | 694 (48.7) |
| ≥ 30 | 209 (14.7) | 234 (16.4) |
| Missing | 5 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) |
| Fat consumption (g/week), mean (SD) | 406.2 (240.3) | 397.5 (198.3) |
| Missing | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) |
| Total caloric intake (KJ/week), mean (SD) | 62,483 (26,709) | 60,256 (22,196) |
| Missing | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) |
| Physical activity (hour/month)b, mean (SD) | ||
| Moderate | 19.4 (16.5) | 17.7 (14.9) |
| Intense | 8.5 (11.8) | 7.3 (10.4) |
| Smoking pack-years, mean (SD) | 23.9 (18.5) | 26.1 (20.2) |
| Missing | 19 (1.3) | 35 (2.5) |
| Smoking statusc | ||
| Never | 324 (22.8) | 297 (20.9) |
| Former | 865 (60.9) | 840 (59.0) |
| Current | 160 (11.3) | 243 (17.1) |
| Missing | 71 (5.0) | 44 (3.1) |
| Alcohol servings/week, mean (SD)d | 10.2 (12.3) | 10.2 (12.5) |
| Self-reported exposure to pesticides | ||
| Never | 1,153 (81.2) | 1,190 (83.6) |
| Ever | 267 (18.8) | 233 (16.4) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
| Self-reported exposure to cadmium | ||
| Never | 1,405 (98.8) | 1,406 (98.9) |
| Ever | 15 (1.1) | 17 (1.2) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
| Surrounding residential greennesse | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) |
| Missing | 302 (21.3) | 298 (20.9) |
| Residential area | ||
| Urban | 1,085 (76.4) | 1,074 (75.4) |
| Rural | 335 (23.6) | 350 (24.6) |
| Neighborhood SES indexf (quintiles) | ||
| ≤ –0.341 (least favorable) | 232 (16.3) | 291 (20.4) |
| –0.341 to 0.119 | 255 (18.0) | 268 (18.8) |
| –0.119 to 0.0793 | 248 (17.5) | 273 (19.2) |
| 0.0793 to 0.327 | 271 (19.1) | 251 (17.6) |
| > 0.327 (most favorable) | 277 (19.5) | 245 (17.2) |
| Missing | 137 (9.6) | 96 (6.7) |
aCalculated from household income and adjusted for the number of people in the household.
bMean and SD were calculated only for physically active subjects.
cMean and SD were calculated only for smokers (former and current smokers).
dMean and SD were calculated only for drinkers.
eMean and SD (see https://www.canuedata.ca/metadata.php).
fLong-term neighborhood socioeconomic status index (see Hystad et al., 2012).
PEI indicates Prince Edward Island.