Table 2.
Clinical characteristics for the subjects in the test set and the verification set
| Characteristics | Test Set | Verification Set | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test-NDR (n = 24) | Test-DR (n = 28) | P-value | Verify-Control (n = 50) | Verify-NDR (n = 50) | Verify-DR (n = 41) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 70.13 ± 8.46 | 71.64 ± 7.61 | 0.496a | 70.50 ± 5.78 | 68.62 ± 5.10 | 69.07 ± 9.92 | 0.281e |
| Male, N (%) | 14 (58) | 13 (46) | 0.392c | 17 (34) | 31 (62)* | 23 (56) | 0.014c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.56 ± 2.91 | 24.77 ± 2.41 | 0.254a | 24.74 ± 3.62 | 25.26 ± 3.74 | 24.20 ± 2.51 | 0.469e |
| T2DM duration (years) | 23.39 ± 0.63 | 16.30 ± 1.23 | < 0.001b | – | 6.92 ± 0.58 | 17.66 ± 7.35### | < 0.001b |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.13 ± 1.18 | 7.33 ± 1.27 | 0.564a | 6.09 ± 1.13 | 7.10 ± 1.40*** | 8.28 ± 1.45*** | < 0.001e |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.33 ± 1.58 | 8.00 ± 2.35 | 0.244a | 5.63 ± 0.83 | 7.52 ± 2.41*** | 9.21 ± 2.95***## | < 0.001e |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.21 ± 9.75 | 138.04 ± 14.52 | 0.294b | 133.90 ± 14.09 | 131.76 ± 14.16 | 140.24 ± 15.26# | 0.019d |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.46 ± 5.98 | 77.36 ± 6.07 | 0.960a | 77.62 ± 8.15 | 77.66 ± 6.97 | 75.37 ± 8.53 | 0.300d |
| HTN, N (%) | 13 (54) | 12 (43) | 0.416c | 28 (56) | 32 (64) | 31 (75) | 0.150c |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.02 ± 1.41 | 5.03 ± 1.07 | 0.989a | 5.25 ± 1.02 | 4.91 ± 1.20 | 4.78 ± 1.03 | 0.100d |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.14 ± 0.40 | 1.41 ± 0.59 | 0.063a | 1.71 ± 0.88 | 2.05 ± 1.44 | 1.81 ± 1.36 | 0.618e |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.37 ± 0.36 | 1.41 ± 0.31 | 0.681a | 1.42 ± 0.39 | 1.19 ± 0.30* | 1.29 ± 0.37 | 0.011e |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.14 ± 1.24 | 2.99 ± 0.91 | 0.625a | 3.05 ± 0.89 | 2.78 ± 1.03 | 2.84 ± 1.00 | 0.373d |
| ALT (U/L) | 19.04 ± 9.57 | 15.11 ± 5.31 | 0.232b | 19.90 ± 12.91 | 19.82 ± 10.45 | 19.73 ± 10.82 | 0.841e |
| AST (U/L) | 20.46 ± 5.30 | 19.21 ± 4.86 | 0.396b | 22.42 ± 9.78 | 20.20 ± 5.64 | 20.07 ± 6.75 | 0.467e |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 14.30 ± 8.24 | 14.51 ± 6.70 | 0.727b | 13.54 ± 6.48 | 14.29 ± 7.58 | 9.86 ± 3.40*# | 0.002e |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.45 ± 2.32 | 6.25 ± 1.83 | 0.971b | 5.50 ± 1.72 | 5.86 ± 1.41 | 6.81 ± 2.28* | 0.009e |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 90.29 ± 38.66 | 79.29 ± 22.33 | 0.233b | 79.92 ± 17.31 | 81.82 ± 21.01 | 75.00 ± 18.74 | 0.143e |
| 12-HETE (ng/mL) | 1.14 ± 0.27 | 2.12 ± 1.71 | 0.003b | 1.25 ± 0.37 | 1.49 ± 0.70 | 3.38 ± 2.21***### | < 0.001e |
a, Student’s t-test. b, Mann–Whitney U test. c, Chi-square test. d, ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. e, Kruskal–Wallis H test
*P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001 when compared with Group Verify-Control
#P < 0.01, ##P < 0.001, ###P < 0.0001 when compared with Group Verify-NDR
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Scr, serum creatinine