Table 2.
Number |
Landmark |
Mean Absolute Error (mm) |
Mean Error Distance (mm) |
SDR (%) |
||||||
x |
y |
z |
Mean |
SD |
2 mm |
2.5 mm |
3 mm |
4 mm |
||
Orthodontic cephalometric landmarks | ||||||||||
1 | Sella | 1.82 | 1.28 | 1.08 | 2.79 | 3.61 | 45 | 66 | 75 | 87 |
2 | Nasion | 1.47 | 0.85 | 2.16 | 3.25 | 3.92 | 50 | 64 | 68 | 80 |
3 | Basion | 1.03 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 1.45 | 1.10 | 79 | 88 | 93 | 98 |
4 | ANS | 0.55 | 1.86 | 1.02 | 2.40 | 1.71 | 51 | 62 | 78 | 92 |
5 | PNS | 0.48 | 1.12 | 0.87 | 1.72 | 0.97 | 76 | 84 | 92 | 95 |
6 | A-Point | 0.47 | 1.68 | 1.35 | 2.51 | 1.61 | 45 | 57 | 69 | 86 |
7 | B-Point | 1.47 | 1.57 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 4.61 | 18 | 32 | 53 | 73 |
8 | Pogonion | 1.13 | 0.78 | 2.65 | 2.83 | 4.43 | 57 | 70 | 79 | 82 |
9 | Menton | 1.01 | 1.76 | 1.99 | 3.24 | 5.78 | 51 | 66 | 75 | 84 |
10 | Orbitale_Lt | 2.49 | 1.33 | 0.59 | 3.01 | 2.00 | 30 | 45 | 58 | 77 |
11 | Orbitale_Rt | 2.67 | 1.11 | 0.63 | 3.14 | 2.06 | 36 | 49 | 59 | 71 |
12 | Porion_Lt | 1.49 | 1.82 | 1.84 | 3.45 | 2.05 | 21 | 38 | 48 | 72 |
13 | Porion_Rt | 1.70 | 2.23 | 1.85 | 3.88 | 2.81 | 18 | 24 | 36 | 66 |
14 | Condyle Post_Lt | 1.61 | 1.04 | 1.90 | 3.06 | 2.14 | 39 | 48 | 60 | 78 |
15 | Condyle Post_Rt | 1.49 | 0.96 | 1.62 | 2.73 | 1.76 | 37 | 56 | 71 | 84 |
16 | Gonion_Lt | 0.63 | 2.15 | 2.91 | 3.82 | 3.04 | 31 | 38 | 47 | 67 |
17 | Gonion_Rt | 0.54 | 2.38 | 2.68 | 3.79 | 2.55 | 30 | 40 | 46 | 59 |
18 | UR1 Incisal Edge | 1.20 | 2.66 | 2.12 | 4.06 | 3.73 | 19 | 34 | 45 | 63 |
19 | UR1 Root Apex | 0.72 | 2.13 | 1.94 | 3.35 | 1.87 | 25 | 39 | 55 | 69 |
20 | LR1 Incisal Edge | 0.94 | 2.37 | 1.74 | 3.52 | 3.53 | 29 | 43 | 60 | 78 |
21 | LR1 Root Apex | 1.07 | 2.03 | 2.40 | 3.76 | 4.94 | 26 | 36 | 53 | 72 |
Mandibular and TMJ skeletal landmarks | ||||||||||
22 | Antego Notch_Lt | 1.39 | 2.62 | 1.07 | 3.33 | 2.58 | 34 | 47 | 53 | 69 |
23 | Antego Notch_Rt | 1.31 | 2.55 | 1.31 | 3.38 | 3.33 | 45 | 56 | 61 | 70 |
24 | Post Gonion_Lt | 0.67 | 0.74 | 3.66 | 3.91 | 2.61 | 27 | 37 | 44 | 60 |
25 | Post Gonion_Rt | 0.68 | 1.06 | 3.82 | 4.19 | 2.78 | 25 | 34 | 38 | 49 |
26 | Coronoid_Lt | 0.66 | 0.72 | 1.46 | 1.92 | 1.93 | 70 | 75 | 78 | 85 |
27 | Coronoid_Rt | 0.67 | 0.79 | 1.62 | 2.10 | 2.61 | 72 | 76 | 78 | 84 |
28 | Lingula_Lt | 0.95 | 1.50 | 1.91 | 2.94 | 1.76 | 32 | 52 | 62 | 79 |
29 | Lingula_Rt | 0.96 | 1.53 | 1.80 | 2.91 | 1.52 | 39 | 48 | 56 | 77 |
30 | Mental for Inf_Lt | 1.90 | 2.94 | 0.86 | 3.82 | 2.20 | 22 | 28 | 46 | 63 |
31 | Mental for Inf_Rt | 2.44 | 3.27 | 1.79 | 4.87 | 6.81 | 26 | 35 | 42 | 62 |
32 | Mental for Ant_Lt | 2.27 | 2.25 | 1.88 | 4.12 | 5.84 | 24 | 38 | 53 | 74 |
33 | Mental for Ant_Rt | 2.67 | 2.33 | 1.38 | 4.08 | 2.17 | 21 | 29 | 37 | 53 |
34 | Condyle Med Pole_Lt | 1.83 | 1.69 | 1.79 | 3.52 | 1.54 | 14 | 25 | 36 | 66 |
35 | Condyle Med Pole_Rt | 1.61 | 1.34 | 1.57 | 2.95 | 1.46 | 32 | 46 | 57 | 78 |
36 | Condyle Lat Pole_Lt | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.36 | 2.71 | 2.11 | 45 | 57 | 70 | 79 |
37 | Condyle Lat Pole_Rt | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.49 | 2.57 | 2.31 | 54 | 64 | 73 | 86 |
38 | Malleus_Lt | 2.37 | 2.47 | 1.71 | 4.29 | 1.62 | 7 | 16 | 21 | 42 |
39 | Malleus_Rt | 1.37 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 2.71 | 1.10 | 23 | 47 | 65 | 93 |
Dental and dentoalveolar landmarks | ||||||||||
40 | Max Midline | 1.30 | 2.17 | 1.70 | 3.44 | 2.37 | 22 | 40 | 52 | 68 |
41 | Mand Midline | 0.83 | 2.09 | 2.00 | 3.43 | 3.94 | 30 | 46 | 57 | 80 |
42 | LL3-Alv bone | 1.02 | 1.75 | 1.83 | 3.07 | 2.61 | 31 | 48 | 59 | 81 |
43 | LL5-Alv bone | 1.14 | 1.48 | 1.33 | 2.65 | 1.51 | 39 | 59 | 70 | 84 |
44 | LL7-Alv bone | 1.06 | 1.78 | 1.34 | 2.82 | 1.56 | 39 | 53 | 66 | 80 |
45 | LR3-Alv bone | 1.15 | 1.96 | 2.04 | 3.39 | 4.18 | 33 | 43 | 57 | 78 |
46 | LR5-Alv bone | 1.37 | 1.99 | 1.69 | 3.34 | 3.50 | 24 | 47 | 56 | 82 |
47 | LR7-Alv bone | 1.40 | 1.95 | 1.72 | 3.37 | 2.12 | 24 | 35 | 50 | 73 |
48 | UL3-Alv bone | 0.81 | 1.75 | 1.46 | 2.80 | 1.39 | 31 | 51 | 65 | 83 |
49 | UL5-Alv bone | 1.09 | 1.66 | 1.24 | 2.73 | 1.30 | 36 | 49 | 61 | 83 |
50 | UL7-Alv bone | 1.10 | 1.70 | 1.49 | 2.89 | 1.40 | 30 | 42 | 56 | 78 |
51 | UR3-Alv bone | 1.08 | 1.90 | 1.36 | 2.97 | 2.31 | 31 | 47 | 59 | 81 |
52 | UR5-Alv bone | 1.17 | 1.85 | 1.39 | 2.99 | 1.71 | 28 | 49 | 61 | 81 |
53 | UR7-Alv bone | 1.30 | 1.70 | 1.97 | 3.35 | 1.57 | 20 | 31 | 49 | 67 |
Mean of all landmarks | 1.28 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 3.19 | 2.60 | 35 | 48 | 59 | 75 |