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. 2022 May 20;172(3):989–996. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.05.011

Table III.

Association of elective surgery cancellation with inguinal hernia incarceration and emergency department encounters at 14 US children’s hospitals between September 13, 2019 and September 13, 2020

Any incarceration
Incarceration at diagnosis
Any ED encounter
ED as index presentation
aOR (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value
Cancellation period
Precancellation Ref Ref Ref Ref
Postcancellation 1.54 (0.88–2.71) .13 1.57 (0.68–3.65) 0.29 1.53 (0.94–2.48) 0.09 1.34 (0.94–1.89) .10
Cancellation duration
Short cancellation Ref Ref Ref Ref
Long cancellation 1.36 (0.76–2.43) .30 1.38 (0.55–3.51) 0.49 1.00 (0.61–1.62) 0.98 0.73 (0.36–1.50) .39
Period ## Duration 0.79 (0.34–1.82) .58 0.81 (0.28–2.36) 0.69 0.89 (0.40–1.99) 0.78 1.18 (0.53–2.62) .68
Sex
Female Ref Ref Ref Ref
Male 3.39 (1.44–7.96) .01 4.44 (1.20–16.46) 0.03 1.93 (1.04–3.58) 0.04 1.86 (1.04–3.32) .04
Adjusted gestational age, years 0.89 (0.81–0.97) .01 0.88 (0.79–0.99) 0.04 0.90 (0.86–0.95) <0.001 0.91 (0.85–0.97) <.01
Race
Non-Hispanic White Ref Ref Ref Ref
Hispanic White 1.97 (1.19–3.27) .01 1.38 (0.77–2.48) 0.29 1.60 (0.95–2.71) 0.08 1.42 (0.89–2.26) .14
Black/African American 1.62 (0.94–2.81) .08 1.30 (0.74–2.29) 0.36 1.77 (1.14–2.74) 0.01 1.55 (1.01–2.37) .04
Other 2.53 (1.52–4.22) <.01 2.26 (1.09–4.66) 0.03 1.42 (1.03–1.96) 0.03 1.44 (0.86–2.41) .16
Unknown/refused 2.20 (0.98–4.90) .06 2.83 (1.41–5.69) <0.01 1.32 (0.78–2.23) 0.30 1.57 (0.89–2.79) .12
Insurance
Private Ref Ref Ref Ref
Public 1.63 (0.93–2.88) .09 1.67 (0.83–3.36) 0.15 1.35 (1.06–1.74) 0.02 1.45 (1.13–1.86) <.01
Unknown/uninsured 5.26 (2.80–9.89) <.01 3.09 (1.28–7.47) 0.01 2.21 (1.64–2.99) <.001 1.84 (1.40–2.41) <.01
Laterality
Bilateral Ref Ref Ref Ref
Left 0.76 (0.44–1.31) .32 0.55 (0.27–1.11) .09 0.76 (0.45–1.27) .29 0.78 (0.47–1.27) .32
Right 0.99 (0.54–1.81) .98 0.91 (0.53–1.57) 0.74 1.11 (0.73–1.70) 0.62 1.07 (0.70–1.65) .75
ASA class
ASA class 1/2 Ref Ref Ref Ref
ASA class 3/4 1.61 (0.91–2.84) .10 1.56 (0.93–2.61) 0.09 1.33 (0.52–3.38) 0.55 1.43 (0.57–3.56) .45

Precancellation period was defined as September 13, 2019, to the date that hospitals cancelled elective surgeries, and postcancellation was defined as the date of elective surgery cancellation through September 13, 2020.

aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist classification; CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department.

This represents the interaction term between cancellation period and cancellation duration.