Table 5.
Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MUO phenotype across tertiles of PDI, hPDI and uPDI, stratified by BMI categories.
| Tertiles of PDI | Tertiles of hPDI | Tertiles of uPDI | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | P-trend1 | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-trend1 | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-trend1 | |
| MUO phenotype based on IDF criteria | ||||||||||||
| Overweight | ||||||||||||
| (Participants/cases) | 35/7 | 37/11 | 32/10 | 24/16 | 37/10 | 43/2 | 38/4 | 37/8 | 29/16 | |||
| Crude | 1 (Ref.) | 1.69 (0.57, 5.02) | 1.82 (0.60, 5.55) | 0.30 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.19 (0.06, 0.57) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.13) | < 0.001 | 1 (Ref.) | 2.35 (0.64, 8.59) | 10.46 (2.94, 37.19) | < 0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.56 (0.50, 4.83) | 1.54 (0.45, 5.26) | 0.49 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.19 (0.05, 0.67) | 0.02 (0.003, 0.11) | < 0.001 | 1 (Ref.) | 3.18 (0.77, 13.22) | 14.72 (3.46, 62.55) | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.15 (0.28, 4.72) | 0.98 (0.23, 4.24) | 0.97 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.20 (0.05, 0.81) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.26) | 0.01 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.11 (0.19, 6.41) | 4.68 (0.78, 28.09) | 0.04 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.88 (0.20, 3.89) | 0.74 (0.15, 3.66) | 0.71 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.18 (0.04, 0.80) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.23) | 0.01 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.86 (0.26, 13.44) | 8.42 (1.09, 64.85) | 0.02 |
| Obese | ||||||||||||
| (Participants/cases) | 26/12 | 34/18 | 39/21 | 48/28 | 28/17 | 23/6 | 24/9 | 37/15 | 38/27 | |||
| Crude | 1 (Ref.) | 1.31 (0.47, 3.65) | 1.36 (0.50, 3.68) | 0.56 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.10 (0.43, 2.86) | 0.25 (0.08, 0.75) | 0.03 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.14 (0.40, 3.27) | 4.09 (1.38, 12.09) | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.14 (0.39, 3.32) | 1.13 (0.40, 3.20) | 0.84 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.36 (0.49, 3.76) | 0.30 (0.10, 0.93) | 0.07 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.25 (0.40, 3.91) | 5.86 (1.71, 20.10) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.89 (0.55, 6.43) | 1.34 (0.42, 4.25) | 0.68 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.29 (0.43, 3.81) | 0.43 (0.12, 1.51) | 0.30 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.50 (0.42, 5.35) | 4.55 (1.08, 19.23) | 0.03 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.69 (0.49, 5.87) | 1.37 (0.43, 4.40) | 0.64 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.23 (0.40, 3.80) | 0.46 (0.13, 1.63) | 0.32 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.67 (0.46, 6.12) | 5.33 (1.22, 23.28) | 0.02 |
| MUO phenotype based on HOMA-IR criteria | ||||||||||||
| Overweight | ||||||||||||
| (Participants/cases) | 35/4 | 37/7 | 32/9 | 24/13 | 37/5 | 43/2 | 38/2 | 37/6 | 29/12 | |||
| Crude | 1 (Ref.) | 1.81 (0.48, 6.82) | 3.03 (0.83, 11.08) | 0.09 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.13 (0.04, 0.46) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.21) | < 0.001 | 1 (Ref.) | 3.48 (0.66, 18.52) | 12.71 (2.55, 63.20) | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.73 (0.44, 6.79) | 2.49 (0.61, 10.18) | 0.21 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.17 (0.05, 0.62) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.26) | < 0.001 | 1 (Ref.) | 6.26 (0.97, 40.18) | 20.06 (3.28, 122,79) | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.20 (0.23, 6.28) | 1.51 (0.26, 8.62) | 0.64 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.16 (0.04 (0.70) | 0.14 (0.02, 1.05) | 0.02 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.65 (0.19, 14.28) | 4.36 (0.53, 35.74) | 0.10 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.01 (0.18, 5.55) | 1.20 (0.17, 6.98) | 0.92 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.12 (0.02, 0.60) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.86) | 0.01 | 1 (Ref.) | 2.28 (0.21, 25.42) | 6.88 (0.64, 73.84) | 0.06 |
| Obese | ||||||||||||
| (Participants/cases) | 26/11 | 34/16 | 39/20 | 48/27 | 28/15 | 23/5 | 24/9 | 37/13 | 38/25 | |||
| Crude | 1 (Ref.) | 1.21 (0.43, 3.39) | 1.44 (0.53, 3.90) | 0.48 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.90 (0.35, 2.29) | 0.22 (0.07, 0.68) | 0.01 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.90 (0.31, 2.62) | 3.21 (1.11, 9.29) | 0.02 |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.00 (0.34, 2.95) | 1.16 (0.40, 3.33) | 0.77 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.15 (0.42, 3.13) | 0.26 (0.08, 0.84) | 0.04 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.30, 3.16) | 4.71 (1.38, 16.08) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.53 (0.45, 5.15) | 1.33 (0.42, 4.22) | 0.66 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.08 (0.37, 3.17) | 0.32 (0.09, 1.20) | 0.15 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.22 (0.33, 4.48) | 3.89 (0.92, 16.54) | 0.05 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.40 (0.41, 4.81) | 1.39 (0.43, 4.46) | 0.60 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.09 (0.36, 3.38) | 0.35 (0.09, 1.32) | 0.18 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.29 (0.34, 4.85) | 4.31 (0.99, 18.68) | 0.04 |
All values are odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake. Model 2: Additionally, adjusted for physical activity and socioeconomic status (evaluated based on parental education level, parental job, family size, having car in the family, having computer/laptop, having personal room and having travel by using demographic questionnaire). Model 3: Additionally, adjusted for margarine and trans fatty acids.
1Obtained by the use of tertiles of PDI, hPDI, or uPDI as an ordinal variable in the model.