Table 1.
Authors | Year | Study journals | Sample size | Misuse rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Schor & Karten | 1966 | 10 medical journals | 295 | 72 |
Gore et al. | 1977 | British Medical Journal | 62 | 51.6 |
Felson et al. | 1984 | Arthritis and Rheumatism (published in 1967–68) | 47 | 60 |
Arthritis and Rheumatism (published in 1982) | 74 | 66 | ||
Gardner & Bond | 1990 | British Medical Journal | 45 | 16* |
McGuigan | 1995 | British Journal of Psychiatry | 164 | 40* |
Welch & Gabbe | 1996 | American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 145 | 19* |
Kuo | 2002 | BMJ, JAMA, Lancet, NEJM | 178 | 60 |
Kim et al. | 2010 | 10 dental journals | 307 | 51.5 |
Only the ‘serious’ errors were considered. The authors did not specify what constitutes the ‘serious’ error.