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. 2022 Aug 13;33(4):505–523. doi: 10.1038/s41370-022-00460-7

Fig. 2. Exposure-disease continuum.

Fig. 2

This review focuses on environmental exposure biomarkers and excluded studies that used DBS sampling to measure biomarkers of response, for example, non-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, or cholinesterase depression, used commonly in hazard assessments.