Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of pregnant people and postpartum people who delivered before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
| Pregnant people (n = 3,868) | Postpartum people | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivered before March 11, 2020 (n = 1,134) | Delivered after March 11, 2020 (n = 784) | |||||
| N | M ± SD (or %) | N | M ± SD (or %) | N | M ± SD (or %) | |
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Estimated gestational age in weeks | - | 25.2 ± 9.1 | - | - | - | - |
| 1st trimester (%) | 424 | 13% | - | - | - | - |
| 2nd trimester (%) | 1206 | 36% | - | - | - | - |
| 3rd trimester (%) | 1722 | 51% | - | - | - | - |
| Child age in months | - | - | - | 3.5a ± 2.1 | - | 0.6a ± 0.9 |
| Maternal age in years | - | 32.1 ± 4.7 | - | 33.0 ± 4.6 | - | 32.6 ± 4.6 |
| Maternal race/ethnicity (% BIPOC) | 927 | 27% | 250 | 23% | 175 | 24% |
| Black (%) | 245 | 7% | 54 | 5% | 38 | 5% |
| Hispanic/Latin (%) | 321 | 9% | 72 | 7% | 61 | 8% |
| Asian (%) | 287 | 8% | 106 | 10% | 63 | 9% |
| Native American/Alaskan Native (%) | 30 | < 1% | 7 | < 1% | 13 | 2% |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (%) | 28 | < 1% | 2 | < 1% | 6 | < 1% |
| Mixed race/other (%) | 77 | 2% | 15 | 1% | 11 | 2% |
| Maternal education (% 4-year college graduate) | 2386 | 77% | 796 | 82%a | 509 | 78%a |
| < High school (%) | 51 | 2% | 15 | 2% | 18 | 3% |
| High school diploma/GED (%) | 150 | 5% | 38 | 4% | 34 | 5% |
| Some college or trade school (%) | 505 | 16% | 126 | 13% | 95 | 15% |
| 4-year college (%) | 1014 | 33% | 306 | 31% | 224 | 34% |
| Post-college graduate degree (%) | 1372 | 44% | 490 | 50% | 285 | 43% |
| Maternal history of mood/anxiety disorder (%) | 815 | 25% | 289 | 28%a | 127 | 19%a |
| # Pregnancy complications (pregnant 0–4 range, postpartum 0–6 range) | - | 0.2 ± 0.4 | - | 0.4 ± 0.7 | - | 0.4 ± 0.7 |
| First pregnancy (%) | 685 | 48% | 553 | 50% | 347 | 47% |
| Number of children in the home | - | 0.8 ± 1.1 | - | 1.7a ± 1.0 | - | 1.8a ± 1.1 |
| Number of adults in the home | - | 2.2 ± 1.1 | - | 2.3 ± 1.1 | - | 2.3 ± 0.9 |
| Married or partnered (%) | 2880 | 93% | 901 | 92% | 616 | 94% |
| Perinatal care disruption variables | ||||||
| Has your perinatal care changed because of COVID-19? (1 = significantly worsened, 5 = significantly improved) | - | 2.6 ± 0.7 | - | 2.9a ± 0.8 | - | 2.7a ± 1.0 |
| Number of prenatal care disruptions (0–8 range) | - | 1.8 ± 1.5 | - | - | - | - |
| Number of birth plan disruptions (0–7 range) | - | - | - | 0.0a ± 0.2 | - | 0.9a ± 0.9 |
| Psychological distress variables | ||||||
| Mean raw BSI global score (0–4 range) | - | 0.6 ± 0.6 | - | 0.6a ± 0.5 | - | 0.5a ± 0.6 |
| COVID-related distress (1 = nothing, 7 = extreme) | - | 4.4 ± 1.5 | - | 4.4 ± 1.4 | - | 4.5 ± 1.6 |
Participants who delivered after March 11, 2020, had younger children, were less likely to have a 4-year college degree, were less likely to have a self-reported history of a mood or anxiety disorder, and had more children living in the home compared to individuals who delivered prior to March 11, 2020. There were no other sociodemographic differences between participants who delivered before versus after March 11, 2020. N indicates the number of participants in the displayed category and % indicates the percentage of those participants who are in the displayed category. aGroups differ at p < 0.05. BIPOC = Black, Indigenous, and people of color