Table 4.

Associations between perinatal care disruptions and maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms

	unadj. mean difference	unadj. p	adj. ß	adj. 95% CI b		adj. p		R2		ΔR2		F
Outcome: psychological distress among postpartum participants
Step 1								0.26		0.26		99.01
# pregnancy complications	ß = 0.10	< 0.001	0.08	0.02, 0.10		< 0.01
Maternal history of mood/anxiety	0.32	< 0.001	0.18	0.14, 0.27		< 0.0001
Maternal age	ß =  − 0.04	0.16	− 0.05	− 0.01, 0.00		0.06
# adults in home	ß = 0.08	0.001	0.07	− 0.001, 0.07		< 0.01
COVID-19 Stress	ß = 0.46	< 0.001	0.44	0.14, 0.18		< 0.01
Step 2								0.27		0.01		2.89
Reduced delivery medication access	0.17	0.07	0.04	− 0.01, 0.30		0.07
Changed delivery location	0.01	0.88	− 0.01	− 0.20, 0.11		0.49
Changed delivery schedule	0.31	0.35	0.03	− 0.14, 0.77		0.15
Changed from vaginal birth to C-section	0.11	0.13	− 0.02	− 0.14, 0.11		0.89
Healthcare provider not available	0.03	0.52	− 0.04	− 0.17, 0.01		0.05
No support people at delivery	0.07	0.04	− 0.03	− 0.11, 0.04		0.26
Separated from baby after birth	0.29	0.04	0.05	0.01, 0.42		0.03
Outcome: psychological distress among pregnant participants
Step 1							0.24		0.24		100.29
# pregnancy complications	ß = 0.10	< 0.001	0.06	0.03, 0.14	< 0.01
Maternal history of mood/anxiety	0.28	< 0.001	0.15	0.14, 0.23	< 0.01
Maternal BIPOC race	0.09	< 0.001	0.06	0.03, 0.12	< 0.01
Maternal education (college graduate)	0.16	< 0.001	− 0.07	− 0.16, − 0.05	< 0.01
Maternal age	ß =  − 0.07	< 0.001	− 0.03	− 0.01, 0.001	0.10
# Adults in home	ß = 0.05	0.01	0.02	− 0.01, 0.03	0.25
Estimated gestational age	ß =  − 0.01	0.49	− 0.04	− 0.01, 0.00	0.03
COVID-19 stress	ß = 0.44	< 0.001	0.42	0.15, 0.18	< 0.01
Step 2							0.24		< 0.01		1.16
Changed delivery schedule	0.09	0.26	− 0.01	− 0.21, 0.11	0.52
Changed from vaginal birth to C-Section	0.19	0.03	0.02	− 0.15, 0.19	0.19
Changed delivery location	0.13	0.01	0.01	− 0.08, 0.09	0.83
Changed healthcare provider	0.08	0.005	0.02	− 0.02, 0.09	0.19
Canceled prenatal visits	0.11	< 0.001	0.04	0.01, 0.09	0.01
Changed format of prenatal care	0.09	< 0.001	0.03	− 0.01, 0.07	0.19
Canceled hospital tours	0.08	< 0.001	0.02	− 0.02, 0.07	0.29
Changed to virtual visits	0.01	0.69	0.00	− 0.04, 0.04	0.91

Step 1 of each model controlled for variables that were significantly associated with maternal depressive/anxiety symptoms. Step 2 added all prenatal or birth disruptions together in the same model to evaluate which disruptions are associated with maternal symptoms after controlling for the covariates included in step 1. Significant predictors of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms in adjusted models are bolded. Unadjusted models are additionally reported, with unadjusted mean difference reported for categorical predictors and unadjusted ß reported for continuous predictors as indicated