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Protocol
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Regimen
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Children’s Oncology Group (COG) 99703 [52]
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Following biopsy/resection, three identical cycles of induction chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin) administered every 21-28 days. Patients without tumor progression then received three consolidation cycles of marrow-ablative chemotherapy (thiotepa and carboplatin) followed by autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (AuHCR).
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Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC)- 001 [53]
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Following resection of tumor, 20 weeks of induction chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, oral etoposide and intrathecal mafosfamide. Patients with no metastatic disease at diagnosis (M0) proceed to local conformal irradiation therapy. Following local irradiation, an additional 12 weeks of adjuvant vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and oral etoposide chemotherapy are given.
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Children’s Cancer Group (CCG 9921) [54]
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Following resection of tumor, induction therapy (five cycles, each three weeks in duration) consisting of: Regimen A: Vincristine, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. Regimen B: Vincristine, carboplatin, ifosfamide Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administered within 24 hours of completion of chemotherapy. Maintenance chemotherapy (eight cycles, each cycle 49 days), Vincristine, etoposide, carboplastin, cyclophosphamide. Those with persistent residual disease after induction or metastatic disease at diagnosis receive radiation therapy when they reach 36 months or at completion of eight cycles of maintenance chemotherapy (whichever comes first).
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Headstart III [55]
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Following maximal surgical resection, five induction cycles of Vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and high dose methotrexate in cycles 1, 3, and 5; Vincristine, cyclophosphamide, oral etoposide, and temozolomide in cycles 2 and 4. If residual tumor at the completion of induction, second look surgery followed by consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy (thiotepa, carboplatin, and etoposide) with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (Au-HCR). In children without tumor progression, induction was followed by consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy (thiotepa, carboplatin, and etoposide) with Au-HCR.
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Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study III (IRS III)-regimen 36 [56]
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Following maximal surgical resection, weekly vincristine during radiation, actinomycin-D, doxorubicin, and triple intrathecal chemotherapy with hydrocortisone, methotrexate, and cytosine arabinoside.
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Medical University of Vienna AT/RT protocol [6]
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Following maximal safe resection, three nine-week courses of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide, and methotrexate, augmented by intrathecal therapy and high dose chemotherapy (HDCT) carboplatin, etoposide, and thiotepa with AuHCR Local radiotherapy completed six weeks after HDCT
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St. Jude’s AT/RT Protocol [57]
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Following maximal surgical resection, four cycles of cisplatin with high dose cyclophosphamide and vincristine followed by Au-HCR
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