Table 1.
Clinical-demographic characteristics of the sample.
| Parameter | Adherent* | Non-adherent* | p⁎⁎ |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 141, 67.14%) | (N = 69, 32.8%) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 91 (64.5%) | 23 (33.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 50 (35.5%) | 46 (66.7%) | |
| Age | 48 (33 – 63) | 38 (28 – 46) | < 0.001 |
| Age at IBD diagnosis | 31 (21 – 48) | 25 (19 – 37.5) | 0.002 |
| BMI | 24.3 (21 – 26.8) | 24.3 (21.4 – 27.2) | 0.861 |
| IBD | |||
| Crohn's disease | 65 (46.1%) | 28 (40.6%) | 0.464 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 76 (53.9%) | 41 (59.4%) | |
| IBD Disease Activity | |||
| Active | 49 (34.8%) | 32 (46.4%) | 0.207 |
| Remission | 92 (65.2%) | 37 (53.6%) | |
| Biologic therapy | 109 (77.3%) | 53 (76.8%) | 0.9 |
| Education | |||
| Elementary school | 3 (2.1%) | – | 0.003 |
| Middle school | 32 (22.7%) | 28 (40.6%) | |
| High school | 83 (58.9%) | 28 (40.6%) | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 4 (2.8%) | 8 (11.6%) | |
| Master's Degree | 19 (13.5%) | 5 (7.2%) | |
| Job | |||
| Unemployed | 51 (36.2%) | 30 (43.5%) | 0.131 |
| Employee | 38 (27%) | 22 (31.9%) | |
| Entrepreneur | 3 (2.1%) | – | |
| Freelancer | 15 (10.6%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
| Worker | 18 (12.8%) | 12 (17.4%) | |
| Student | 16 (11.3%) | 2 (2.9%) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Smoker | 28 (19.9%) | 14 (20.3%) | |
| Non-smoker | 68 (48.2%) | 46 (66.7%) | |
| Past smoker | 45 (31.9%) | 9 (13%) | 0.057 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | 13 (9.2%) | 2 (2.9%) | |
| No | 128 (90.8%) | 67 (97.1%) | 0.712 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (14.9%) | – | 0.314 |
| Hypertension | 26 (18.4%) | 7 (10.1%) | |
| Chronic renal failure | 9 (6.3%) | – | |
| Urolithiasis | 3 (2.1%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
| COPD | 3 (2.1%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 29 (20.6%) | 4 (5.8%) | |
| Bronchial asthma | – | 3 (4.3%) | |
| Previous SARS-Cov-2 infection | 9 (6.4%) | 24 (34.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Past hospitalization for COVID-19 (yes) | 3 (2.1%) | – | 0.552 |
| Visit delays (yes) | 35 (24.8%) | 25 (36.2%) | 0.104 |
| Visit cancellations (yes) | 25 (17.7%) | 20 (29%) | 0.074 |
| COVID-19 vaccination (yes) | 132 (93.6%) | 66 (95.7%) | 0.755 |
| Flu Vaccination (yes) | 67 (47.5%) | 14 (20.3%) | < 0.001 |
Data are expressed either as numerosity (percent of total) or as median (interquartile range).
⁎
The distinction between adherent and nonadherent patients was made based on the 20-point cut-off of the MARS-5 questionnaire.
⁎⁎
Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or chi-squared test were used according to the type of variable.Acronyms. COVID-19: COronaVIrus Disease 19; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.