Table 1.

Sperm quality evaluation tests of Aberdeen Angus treated with three concentrations of Maca and at three different times. The results are expressed as a percentage.

Test	Sperm cells status	Post-thawing incubation time and concentration of L. meyenii
		0 h	1 h				3 h				24 h
		Control	Control	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	Control	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	Control	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL
		Motility (%)	Rectilinear	42	50	46	63	57	54	54	55	53	49	60	53	48
	Circular	9	9	7	5	8	5	4	4	7	3	5	3	3
	Static	5	2	8	5	5	0	0	5	3	8	11	15	12
	Immotile	45	39	45	28	31	42	43	37	38	42	24	30	39
HOS (%)	Normal	44	46	44	59	47	44	52	47	47	44	42	46	41
	Abnormal	56	54	57	41	53	56	49	54	54	56	58	54	59
Acrosomal	Damaged - Died	35	19	26	27	27	19	37	21	29	30	37	34	43
Integrity (%)	Intact - Died	22	31	26	42	35	33	29	35	44	49	38	26	27
	Damaged - Live	7	2	1	2	3	15	3	2	2	1	1	1	0
	Intact - Live	37	48	48	30	36	34	32	43	26	21	25	40	30
Vitality (%)	Died	57	50	52	68	62	52	66	56	73	78	75	60	70
	Live	44	50	49	32	39	49	35	45	28	22	25	41	30
Morphology (%)	Normal	91	91	92	91	91	88	90	88	87	88	90	87	87
	Abnormal – Head	3	2	2	3	3	5	3	2	3	3	3	2	4
	Abnormal – Neck	3	3	3	3	3	4	3	5	6	6	5	4	5
	Abnormal - Tail	3	5	3	3	3	3	4	4	5	3	3	5	4
TUNEL (%)	Normal DNA	95.43	95.34	95.59	94.27	95.71	93.35	95.03	93.52	93.10	90.60	92.29	91.35	91.44
	Fragmented DNA	4.57	4.66	4.41	5.73	4.29	6.65	4.97	6.48	6.90	9.40	7.71	8.65	8.56

HOS=Hypo-osmotic swelling, TUNEL=DNA fragmentation with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling