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. 2022 Jun 14;15(6):1467–1480. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1467-1480

Table 4.

Results of histopathologic analysis of lesions and distribution NDV in tissues of ECE.

Tissue Necrosis Hemorrhage Inflammatory cell infiltration Distribution/expression




A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
Brain +++ - - - +++ + + - ++ - - - ++/++ ++/++ - -
Trachea ++ + + - ++ + ++ - ++ ++ +++ - +++/+++ +++/+++ +++/+++ -
Lungs +++ + + - +++ + + - +++ + + - +++/+++ +++/+ +++/+++ -
Proventriculus +++ + + - ++ + ++ - ++ + ++ - +++/+++ +++/++ ++/+++ -
Intestinum +++ + - - ++ + + - ++ + - - +++/+++ +++/+++ - -
Heart + - - - +++ ++ ++ - ++ - - - +++/+++ ++/++ - -
Kidney +++ - ++ - +++ + ++ - +++ + + - +++/+++ +++/++ ++/++ -
Liver ++ ++ - - +++ ++ ++ - ++ - - - +++/+++ +++/+++ - -
Skin +++ - - - +++ + + - +++ - - - +++/+++ +++/+++ - -

NDV = Newcastle disease virus, A = NDV Velogenic, B = NDV Lentogenic, C = NDV vaccine strain LaSota and D = Negative control. Lesion (+) = focal, (++) = multifocal, and (+++) = diffuse. IHC staining (+) = low, (++) = moderate, and (+++) = severe