Table 1.
Population-based epidemiological studies of keratoconus*,**
| Author | Location | Age (years), mean | Sample size | Prevalence/100,000 | Method | Sampling method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hofstetter[17] | Indianopolis, USA | 1-79 | 13,345 | 120 | Placido disc* | Rural volunteers |
| Santiago et al. (1995)[11] | France | 18-22 | 670 | 1190 | Topography | Army recruits |
| Jonas et al.[18] | Maharashtra, India | >30 (49.4±13.4) | 4667 | 2300 | Keratometry* | Rural volunteers (8 villages) |
| Millodot et al.[16] | Jerusalem, Israel | 18-54 (24.4±5.7) | 981 | 2340 | Topography | Urban volunteers (1 college) |
| Waked et al.[20] | Beirut, Lebanon | 22-26 | 92 | 3300 | Topography | Urban volunteers (1 college) |
| Xu et al.[19] | Beijing, China | 50–93 (64.2±9.8) | 3166 | 900 | Optical low coherence reflectometry* | Rural+urban volunteers |
| Hashemi et al.[21] | Shahrud, Iran | 50.83±0.12 | 4592 | 760 | Topography | Urban volunteers from random cluster |
| Hashemi et al.[22] | Tehran, Iran | 14-81 (40.8±17.1) | 426 | 3300 | Topography | Urban volunteers (stratified cluster) |
| Shneor et al. (2014)[12] | Haifa, Israel | 18-60 (25.05±8.83) | 314 | 3180 | Topography | Urban volunteers (1 college) |
| Hashemi et al.[23] | Mashhad, Iran | 20-34 (26.1±2.3) | 1073 | 2500 | Topography | Urban volunteers (stratified cluster in 1 university) |
| Torres Netto et al.[24] | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 6-21 (16.8±4.2) | 1044 | 4790 | Rotational Scheimpflug corneal tomography system | Patients who were seen at emergency rooms for nonophthalmic appointments at four locations in Saudi Arabia |
*The methods for detecting keratoconus used in these studies have limitations and results should be interpreted with caution, **[Table 1] was modified from original