Table 2.
Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors of the Study Population According to the LDL‐C Level
| Risk factors | LDL‐C levels | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <70 mg/dL | 70–99.9 mg/dL | 100–129.9 mg/dL | 130–159.9 mg/dL | 160–189.9 mg/dL | ≥190 mg/dL | ||
| CRP, % | <0.001 | ||||||
| 0.00–2.99 mg/L | 78.85 (2.52) | 79.63 (1.31) | 73.81 (1.41) | 69.88 (1.62) | 68.04 (2.28) | 67.38 (3.05) | |
| ≥3.00 mg/L | 19.75 (2.51) | 19.37 (1.31) | 25.36 (1.47) | 29.09 (1.72) | 31.28 (2.26) | 31.50 (3.08) | |
| BMI categories, % | <0.001 | ||||||
| <25.0 | 62.57 (3.01) | 64.30 (1.37) | 50.13 (1.35) | 35.92 (1.60) | 28.86 (1.92) | 33.17 (2.60) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 26.16 (2.86) | 22.60 (1.33) | 28.33 (1.19) | 37.55 (1.26) | 46.08 (1.98) | 39.78 (1.95) | |
| ≥30.0 | 11.25 (1.52) | 13.05 (0.93) | 21.49 (1.35) | 26.42 (1.26) | 24.91 (1.44) | 27.00 (2.70) | |
| Hypertension, % | 20.34 (2.51) | 23.34 (1.15) | 32.85 (1.30) | 46.40 (1.36) | 54.48 (2.14) | 53.81 (3.17) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 115.21 (0.68) | 115.36 (0.38) | 119.09 (0.57) | 123.41 (0.41) | 126.44 (0.65) | 129.70 (0.92) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 69.27 (0.58) | 71.02 (0.30) | 73.12 (0.28) | 75.49 (0.28) | 76.74 (0.35) | 77.14 (0.56) | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 45.95 (0.68) | 44.33 (0.43) | 45.96 (0.48) | 47.92 (0.37) | 49.70 (0.55) | 52.55 (0.78) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes, % | 7.12 (1.99) | 4.43 (0.54) | 6.66 (0.47) | 8.24 (0.69) | 8.15 (0.75) | 8.39 (1.53) | 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 97.59 (3.78) | 93.07 (0.66) | 95.88 (0.61) | 98.87 (0.64) | 98.92 (0.72) | 101.65 (1.38) | 0.575 |
| Respiratory diseases, % | 0.887 | ||||||
| Yes | 13.72 (2.41) | 11.00 (0.81) | 11.83 (0.70) | 12.09 (0.92) | 11.85 (1.33) | 11.54 (2.13) | |
| No | 86.28 (2.41) | 89.00 (0.81) | 88.17 (0.70) | 87.91 (0.92) | 88.15 (1.33) | 88.46 (2.13) | |
| Liver diseases, % | 0.013 | ||||||
| Yes | 35.49 (4.57) | 27.73 (1.54) | 30.76 (1.67) | 34.80 (1.80) | 35.80 (2.40) | 33.50 (4.00) | |
| No | 64.51 (4.57) | 72.27 (1.54) | 69.24 (1.67) | 65.20 (1.80) | 64.20 (2.40) | 66.50 (4.00) | |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 5.95 (0.99) | 7.95 (0.72) | 10.52 (0.74) | 16.19 (0.99) | 22.33 (1.43) | 27.12 (2.37) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 85.73 (1.08) | 82.74 (0.58) | 79.14 (0.54) | 75.58 (0.54) | 72 (0.64) | 69.9 (0.91) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol‐lowering drugs, % | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.17 (0.14) | 0.53 (0.22) | 1.37 (0.30) | 3.08 (0.42) | 4.80 (0.63) | 4.05 (0.93) | |
| No | 99.83 (0.14) | 99.47 (0.22) | 98.63 (0.30) | 96.92 (0.42) | 95.20 (0.63) | 95.95 (0.93) | |
Values are means (SE) for continuous variables or percentages (SE) for categorical variables and are weighted except No. of participants. Numbers may not add to 100% due to missing data. BMI indicates body mass index; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.