Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Study Cohort by Race at Visit 5 (2011–2013)
| Characteristics | White people (n=1507) | Black people (n=311) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 76.8 (5.2) | 75.9 (4.9) | 0.004 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 813 (53.9) | 204 (65.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.2 (5.3) | 29.5 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Visit center, mean (SD) | <0.001 | ||
| Forsyth County | 400 | 17 | |
| Jackson | 0 | 294 | |
| Minneapolis | 619 | 0 | |
| Washington County | 488 | 0 | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.457 | ||
| Current | 70 (4.6) | 12 (3.9) | |
| Former | 785 (52.1) | 153 (49.2) | |
| Never | 652 (43.3) | 146 (46.9) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Current | 869 (57.7) | 53 (17.0) | |
| Former | 357 (23.7) | 141 (45.3) | |
| Never | 281 (18.6) | 117 (37.6) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 400 (26.5) | 127 (40.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1078 (71.5) | 263 (84.6) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 1103 (73.2) | 267 (85.9) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 128.9 (17.7) | 132.9 (18.3) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 64.4 (10.4) | 69.2 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| Time‐averaged cumulative SBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 123.2 (12.4) | 129.3 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Time‐averaged cumulative DBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 68.3 (7.1) | 74.2 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Time‐averaged cumulative PP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 54.9 (10.7) | 55.2 (10.3) | 0.677 |
| Time‐averaged cumulative MAP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 86.6 (7.7) | 92.5 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 101.8 (34.4) | 108.2 (35.6) | 0.003 |
| HDL, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 51.6 (14.2) | 54.0 (13.5) | 0.007 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 129.2 (57.2) | 107.1 (43.5) | <0.001 |
| CRAE, μm, mean (SD) | 141.7 (14.6) | 144.2 (13.6) | 0.004 |
| CRVE, μm, mean (SD) | 201.0 (21.0) | 217.2 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| AVR, mean (SD) | 0.71 (0.07) | 0.67 (0.07) | <0.001 |
P values were calculated by unpaired t test or χ2 test. AVR indicates arteriolar:venular ratio; BMI, body mass index; CRAE, central retinal arteriolar equivalent; CRVE, central retinal venular equivalent; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.