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| Extrinsic Source of Toxicity | How? | Examples |
| Heavy Metals | agricultural soil, irrigation water, air pollution, fertilizers, herbicides & pesticides | Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Thallium, Tin, Zinc |
| Pharmaceuticals | adulterants, hidden ingredients, additives, fillers | Prescription and over-the-counter drugs |
| Microbes | field and post-harvest contaminations | Toxic bacteria and fungi |
