Table 1.

Immunotherapies for NPC treatment

Target	Effects	Treatment	NCT number
PD-1	Bypass immune checkpoint	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Toripalimab, Penpulimab, Camrelizumab, Sintilimab, Tislelizumab, Treprilimab, SHR-1701	NCT02054806 [7], NCT02339558 [40], NCT02915432 [116], NCT03581786 [6], NCT03558191, NCT03267498, NCT03544099, NCT03734809, NCT03707509, NCT03925090, NCT03924986, NCT04282070, NCT04376866, NCT04447612, NCT04421469, NCT04534855, NCT04736810, NCT04833257, NCT04917770, NCT04944914, NCT04978012, NCT3707509, NCT05020925, NCT05097209, NCT05341193
PD-L1	Bypass immune checkpoint	SHR-1701, Avelumab	NCT04282070, NCT05020925, NCT04562441
CTLA-4 & PD-1	Bypass immune checkpoint	Ipilimumab, AK104, IBI310	NCT03097939, NCT04220307, NCT04945421
LMP2	Direct cytotoxicity	LMP2 Antigen-specific TCR T cell	NCT03925896
EBV	Direct cytotoxicity	Autologous EBV specific Cytotoxic T cell	NCT03648697, NCT02287311, NCT02578641 [117]
TGF-β	Direct cytotoxicity	TGF-β Resistant CTLs	NCT02065362

Abbreviations: CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, PD-1 Programmed death 1, PD-L1 Programmed death ligand 1, CAR Chimeric antigen receptor