Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics from the Matched Cohort of COPD Admitted to the ICU
| Characteristics | Overall | Low RAR | High RAR | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 638 | 319 | 319 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, year | 72.00 [64.00, 80.00] | 72.00 [65.00, 80.00] | 73.00 [63.00, 81.00] | 0.716 |
| Male | 333 (52.2) | 168 (52.7) | 165 (51.7) | 0.874 |
| Weight, kg | 78.00 [62.65, 94.20] | 78.50 [63.00, 93.40] | 77.00 [62.55, 95.70] | 0.757 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| RR, beats/min | 20.00 [16.00, 24.75] | 20.00 [16.00, 25.00] | 20.00 [16.00, 24.00] | 0.886 |
| HR, beats/min | 86.50 [75.00, 102.75] | 87.00 [75.50, 102.00] | 86.00 [73.00, 103.00] | 0.859 |
| NBPm, mmHg | 78.00 [68.00, 92.00] | 80.00 [69.00, 94.00] | 77.00 [68.00, 90.00] | 0.138 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| RDW, % | 15.60 [14.30, 17.60] | 14.60 [13.60, 15.70] | 17.20 [15.55, 19.30] | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.10 [2.60, 3.50] | 3.50 [3.20, 3.80] | 2.60 [2.40, 2.90] | <0.001 |
| Leukocyte, 109 cells/L | 10.10 [7.60, 14.17] | 9.50 [7.30, 13.25] | 11.00 [8.10, 15.40] | 0.002 |
| Erythrocyte, 1012 cells/L | 3.30 [2.83, 3.86] | 3.51 [3.00, 4.12] | 3.10 [2.71, 3.63] | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.50 [8.30, 11.28] | 10.50 [9.00, 12.20] | 8.80 [7.90, 10.10] | <0.001 |
| Platelet, 109 cells/L | 199.00 [140.00, 265.75] | 198.00 [149.00, 252.00] | 200.00 [126.50, 288.50] | 0.905 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.00 [0.70, 1.60] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.60] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.70] | 0.896 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 24.00 [15.00, 39.00] | 24.00 [16.00, 38.00] | 24.00 [15.00, 40.50] | 0.624 |
| AST, IU/L | 31.00 [19.25, 62.00] | 28.00 [19.00, 52.50] | 34.00 [20.00, 68.00] | 0.013 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Myocardial infarct | 169 (26.5) | 84 (26.3) | 85 (26.6) | 1 |
| Congestive heart failure | 347 (54.4) | 178 (55.8) | 169 (53.0) | 0.525 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 135 (21.2) | 72 (22.6) | 63 (19.7) | 0.438 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 96 (15.0) | 49 (15.4) | 47 (14.7) | 0.912 |
| Mild liver disease | 83 (13.0) | 42 (13.2) | 41 (12.9) | 1 |
| Moderate-to-severe liver disease | 36 (5.6) | 16 (5.0) | 20 (6.3) | 0.607 |
| Diabetes without complication | 170 (26.6) | 83 (26.0) | 87 (27.3) | 0.788 |
| Diabetes with complication | 122 (19.1) | 62 (19.4) | 60 (18.8) | 0.92 |
| Renal disease | 203 (31.8) | 106 (33.2) | 97 (30.4) | 0.497 |
| Malignant cancer | 111 (17.4) | 57 (17.9) | 54 (16.9) | 0.835 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 280 (43.9) | 141 (44.2) | 139 (43.6) | 0.936 |
| Assisted respiration | ||||
| High flow | 76 (11.9) | 42 (13.2) | 34 (10.7) | 0.392 |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 76 (11.9) | 41 (12.9) | 35 (11.0) | 0.541 |
| Invasive ventilation | 350 (54.9) | 172 (53.9) | 178 (55.8) | 0.691 |
| Scoring system | ||||
| CCI | 8.00 [6.00, 10.00] | 8.00 [6.00, 10.00] | 8.00 [6.00, 10.00] | 0.249 |
| SOFA | 3.00 [1.00, 5.00] | 3.00 [1.00, 5.00] | 3.00 [1.00, 5.00] | 0.99 |
| OASIS | 35.50 [30.00, 42.00] | 35.00 [30.50, 42.00] | 36.00 [30.00, 42.00] | 0.905 |
| APSIII | 54.00 [43.00, 67.75] | 54.00 [42.00, 67.00] | 55.00 [43.00, 68.00] | 0.728 |
Notes: Continuous variables are represented as median [IQR]; Categorical variables are represented as n (%).
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; RAR, red blood cell distribution width–albumin ratio; RR, respiratory rate; HR, heart rate; NBPm, mean non-invasive blood pressure; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AST, aspartate transferase; DM, diabetes mellitus; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score; APS III, acute physiological score III.