TABLE 5.

Univariate and multivariate analyses based on overall survival

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Factors	HR (95% CI)	p‐value	HR (95% CI)	p‐value
Sex (female vs. male)	3.13 (1.76–5.57)	0.001	2.01 (0.96–4.21)	0.066
Age (≤ 69 years vs. ≥70 years)	2.59 (1.5–4.45)	< 0.001	2.44 (1.39–4.29)	0.002
Smoking (no vs. yes)	2.69 (1.49–4.85)	0.001	1.49 (0.69–3.23)	0.31
pStage (0–I vs. II–III)	4.05 (2.47–6.63)	< 0.001	2 (1.12–3.55)	0.018
Histological subtype (ADC vs. non‐ADC)	2.1 (1.24–3.39)	0.005	1.52 (0.85–2.72)	0.159
Lymphocytic invasion (no vs. yes)	4.31 (2.59–7.15)	< 0.001	1.71 (0.91–3.22)	0.097
Vascular invasion (no vs. yes)	4.27 (2.63–6.94)	< 0.001	1.77 (1.02–3.07)	0.043
Pleural invasion (no vs. yes)	2.59 (1.58–4.26)	< 0.001	1.86 (1.09–3.17)	0.023
FAP (tumor cells, low vs. high)	2.88 (1.74–4.79)	< 0.001	2.57 (1.49–4.42)	0.001
FAP (CAFs, low vs. high)	2.34 (1.45–3.8)	<0.001	1.13 (0.68–1.88)	0.65

Abbreviations: ADC, adenocarcinoma; CAFs, cancer‐associated fibroblasts; CI, confidential interval; FAP, fibroblast‐activating protein; HR, hazard ratio.