AI model architecture schematic. A VGG-19 architecture was trained to classify images into four BPE categories, which were then pooled into “high BPE” and “low BPE” categories. In the MIP AI model, axial MIPs generated from the first subtraction phase were used as the model input. In the Slab AI model, axial slices from the first subtraction phase were pooled into three maximum intensity slabs, which were each used as an independent model input. CONV = convolutional layer, FC = fully connected layer.