Figure 4.

Epigenetic modification in immune cells by IL-33. Epigenetic changes have been described in IL-33-activated immune cells. (A) One consequence of the metabolic changes induced by IL-33 stimulation is an alteration in the production of intermediate metabolites, some of which influence transcriptional activity by the epigenetic regulation of DNA or histones. (B) IL-33 activates transcription factors, such as GATA3 and T-bet, which can induce epigenetic changes at target loci. (C) Intracellular IL-33, as a chromatin-associated nuclear factor, can bind to NF-κB p65 to dampen NF-κB-stimulated gene transcription.