Table 7.

Font size recommendations from selected paper and scenarios.

Author	Age range	Participant no.	Vision status	Device	Resolution /size	Font style	Recommended font size	Scenario
(Darroch et al., 2005)	51–78 years	12	All participants had 20/40 vision or better at a distance of 40.6 cm.	LCD of 260 K color TFT and 132 × 176 dots	640 x 480 px	Microsoft Sans Serif font	A range of 8–12 points to maximize reading for reading tasks	The participants held the device at preferred viewing distances for the reading task.
(Wang et al., 2009)	Mean age 66 years	12	All the older adults had normal vision or corrected to normal vision.	NEC mobile phones (NEC N6305)	480 x 320 px	Chinese characters	8 Points	For reading tasks with Chinese inter-character spacing
(Ziefle, 2010)	55–73 years	40	Null	Siemens S45	101 x 80 px	Arial	8 points (font size) and 12 points (preview size)	For menu navigation on small screen devices. When the preview size was more significant than the font size, readability performance improved menu selection.
(Lege et al., 2013)	60–89 years	28	Subjects who usually wore glasses for reading were allowed to use them for the experiment.	IPad 1,2,3	9.7 inch	Japanese characters	18 point	For reading tasks with Japanese characters.
(Yeh, 2015)	65 years and older	Null	All participants reported 16/20 corrected visual acuity or better.	Tablet	9.7-Inch	Arial	14 Point (42 arcminutes)	For reading tasks on mobile devices Viewing distance = 40 cm Screen elevation = 30 degrees Glare = none Desk to screen = 23 cm
(Chatrangsan and Petrie, 2019)	62–84 years	36	Subjects who usually wore glasses for reading were allowed to use them for the experiment.	Ipad	9.7 inch	Arial and Times new roman (Serif and san serif)	18 point	For reading task
(Yeh, 2020)	65 years	32	All participants had an adequate vision, or vision corrected to above 0.8 and lacked any significant eye condition (e.g., color blindness, amblyopia, or blindness).	Tablet	9.7-Inch	Arial	22 Points (66 arcminutes)	For reading tasks on mobile devices display size = 9.7 inch Viewing distance = 40 cm Screen elevation = 30 degrees. Glare = no The tablet was placed on a 70 cm high table with the center of the screen 23 cm distant from the desk.
(Hou et al., 2020)	57–70 years	20	The tests were conducted with the participants' daily visual aids.	IPhone 6, 5.5'	1920 px * 1080 px	Chinese characters	14 px for information search 17 px for intensive reading 17–20 px for reading news, novels and instruction/ manuals	For reading tasks on mobile devices with Chinese characters. Viewing distance = (held at a comfortable distance)