Table 5.
Associations between vision and hearing scores and depressive symptoms by Cox and IPW methods.
| Methods | Depressive symptom statusb HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Model a | |
| Vision and/or hearing score (Cox) | 1.05 (1.03–1.06)*** |
| Vision and/or hearing score (IPW) | 1.93 (1.75–2.12)*** |
HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; Cox, Cox proportional hazards model; IPW, Inverse probability weighting.
***
P-value < 0.001.
a
Model was adjusted for age, sex, residence, marital status, educational level, smoking history, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, digestive disease, arthritis, wearing glasses, and wearing hearing aids.
b
Defined as a score of 12 or greater on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.