Table 2.
LncRNAs and their influence on HNSCC drug resistance.
| LNCRNA | INFLUENCE | REFERENCE |
|---|---|---|
| OSCC | ||
| UCA1 | Accelerates proliferation, increases CDDP chemoresistance, and restrains apoptosis. | (97) |
| HOXA11-AS | Promotes proliferation in CDDP-sensitive cells and inhibits CDDP-induced cytotoxicity through the HOXA11-AS/miR214-3p/PIM1 axis. | (98) |
| XIST | Upregulation of XIST promotes cell proliferation, enhances CDDP resistance, and inhibits apoptosis. | (99) |
| MALAT1 | Induces EMT and CDDP resistance via activation of PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway and the upregulation of P-gp. | (100) |
| ANRIL | CAF-secreted midkine enhances tumor cell resistance to cisplatin by inducing ANRIL expression and increasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. | (101) |
| OIP5-AS1 | Its knockdown enhances DDP sensitivity in vivo. Improves DDP resistance through the upregulation of TRIM14 mediated by miR-27b-3p. | (102) |
| KCNQ1OT1 | Promotes DDP resistance of tongue cancer by sponging miR-124-30 to regulate TRIM14 expression. Facilitates tumor growth and chemo-resistance by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the expression of miR-211-5p. |
(28) (103) |
| SNHG26 | Its expression is positively correlated with proliferation, EMT, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance by binding directly to PGK1 protein, inhibiting its ubiquitination and activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. | (104) |
| CYTOR | Acts as a ceRNA to inhibit miR-1252-5p and miR-3148 upregulating LPP expression. CYTOR/LPP axis is essential for FOXD1-induced EMT and chemoresistance. | (15) |
| LHFLP3-AS1 | It is upregulated in cisplatin-resistant tumors promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion. | (105) |
| CEBPA-DT | Regulates cisplatin chemosensitivity through CEBPA-BCL12-mediated cell apoptosis. | (106) |
| MPRL | High expression of MPRL and pre-miR-483 and low expression of miR-143-5p are associated with neoadjuvant chemosensitivity and better prognosis. | (107) |
| PVT1 | Its upregulation in cisplatin-resistant tissues and cell lines is strongly correlated with worse overall survival acting as a ceRNA on miR-194-5p. | (108) |
| HEIH | Exosomal HEIH acts as a ceRNA for miR-3619-5p to upregulate HDGF, promoting DDP resistance. | (109) |
| CILA1 | High CILA1 expression levels and low levels of phosphorylated beta-catenin are associated with cisplatin resistance and advanced disease stage. | (110) |
| APCDD1L-AS1 | Its expression is related to worse prognosis and confers resistance to 5-FU via miR-1224-5p/NSD2 axis. | (111) |
| TUG1 | Its upregulation promotes cisplatin resistance by mediating miR-133b and CXCR4. | (112) |
| LINC00963 | Its suppression reduces the activity of ALDH1, percentage of self-renewal, chemoresistance and expression of multidrug-resistance transporter ABCB5. | (17) |
| NPC | ||
| HOXA11-AS1 | Enhances DDP resistance via the miR-98/PBX3 axis. Its silencing inhibits the c-Met/AKT/mTOR pathway by specifically upregulating miR-454.3p, promoting cell apoptosis and enhancing the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant cells. |
(116) (117) |
| KCNQ1OT1 | Enhances DDP resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion via the miR-454/USP47 axis. | (118) |
| MIAT | Upregulates HMB1 expression, contributing to cisplatin resistance and poor clinical outcome via the MIAT/HMGB1/IL6 axis. | (121) |
| NEAT1 | NEAT1/let-7a-5p axis regulates the cisplatin resistance by targeting Rsf-1 and modulating the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway. NEAT1 increases in tissues and manages to facilitate SAHA tolerance by modulating the miR-129/Bcl-2 axis. |
(122) (126) |
| n375709 | Its inhibition increases the paclitaxel sensitivity. | (125) |
| MAGI2-AS3 | MAG2-AS1/mR-218-5p/GDPD5/SEC61A1 axis drives cell proliferation, migration, and EMT, and conferred cisplatin resistance. | (124) |
| LINC00346 | LINC00346 regulates the cisplatin resistance by inhibiting miR-342-5p. | (123) |
| TINCR | Acts as a crucial driver of progression and chemoresistance, and highlights the INCR-ACLY-PADI1-MAPK-MMP2/9 axis. | (119) |
| CCAT1 | Its upregulation enhances paclitaxel resistance via miR-181a/CPEB2 axis. | (127) |
| MRVI1-AS1 | MRVI1-AS1/ATF3 signaling pathway increases paclitaxel chemosensitivity by modulating the Hippo-TAZ. | (128) |
| DLEU1 | Acts as an oncogene to promote DDP resistance and BIRC6 expression through interacting with miR-381-3p. | (129) |
| LSCC | ||
| H19 | Exerts inhibiting effect on autophagy and drug resistance by downregulating HMGB1 through targeting miR-107. | (131) |
| MALAT1 | Its over-expression enhances chemoresistance and demonstrates poorer 5-year overall survival. | (132) |
| FOXD2-AS1 | FOXD2-AS1 acts as a scaffold for STAT3 and PRMT5, promoting STAT3 transcriptional activity, essential to maintain cancer stemness and promote chemotherapeutic resistance. | (18) |
| FGD5-AS1 | Its overexpression increases cisplatin-resistance by modulating miR-497-5p/SEPT2 axis. | (133) |
| HOXA11-AS1 | Enhances CDDP resistance of LSCC via miR-518a/SPATS2L axis. Its knockdown inhibits viability, migration, and invasion, but promoted apoptosis. | (134) |
| LINC-PINT | Targets miR-425-5p which also targeted PTCH1, affecting the Hedgehog pathway, thus increasing cancer stemness and chemoresistance to cisplatin. | (19) |
| AFAP1-AS1 | Increases RBPJ expression by negatively regulating miR-320a and RBPJ overexpression rescues stemness and chemoresistance inhibited by AFAP1-AS1 silencing. | (120) |
| BANCR | Its downregulation reverses cisplatin resistance. | (30) |
| HNSCC | ||
| PVT1 | Decreases the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to cetuximab by enhancing methylation-mediated inhibition of miR-124-3p. | (135) |
| LINC00461 | Downregulates expression of miR-195 to subsequently upregulate expression of HOXA10, promoting EMT and enhancing chemoresistance. | (16) |
| Lnc-POP1-1 | lnc-POP1-1 promotes DNA repair through interaction with MCM5 and deceleration of its degradation. VN1R5 promotes cisplatin resistance in a lnc-POP1-1-dependent manner. | (32) |
| LINC00958 | LINC00958 interplays with c-Myc as a feedback loop facilitating development and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. | (31) |