Table 1.

Clinical and socio-economic parameters of the toothbrushing self-efficacy (TBSE) subgroups among the health coaching and the health education patients at baseline

TBSE	n*	Health coaching, %			P	n*	Health education, %			P
		Low	Moderate	High			Low	Moderate	High
		<33%	33% ≥ x < 66%	≥66%			<33%	33% ≥ x < 66%	≥66%
Clinical parameters
HbA1c
Ideal	77	29	22	31	ns	102	19	26	35	ns
Moderate risk		33	48	50			39	42	34
High risk		38	30	19			42	32	31
CAL
Low risk (<mean)	74	71	65	56	ns	86	53	58	63	ns
High risk (≥mean)		29	35	44			47	42	37
Socioeconomic parameters
Age (years)
30–49	76	40	29	22	ns	66	28	34	27	ns
50–59		48	54	59			44	47	49
≥60		12	17	19			28	19	24
Gender
Female	76	56	46	74	ns	97	59	62	67	ns
Male		44	54	26			61	37	33
Occupation
Retired/unemployed	75	76	67	81	ns	87	73	82	76	ns
Working		24	33	19			27	18	24
Education
≤Primary school	77	52	52	59	ns	89	74	52	52	ns
High school		30	35	26			23	24	24
≥University		18	13	15			3	24	24
History of diagnosed diabetes (years)
<Mean	64	68	70	76	ns	74	48	58	59	ns
≥Mean		32	30	24			52	24	41

^*The total number for each variable differs because the same participants did not answer all the questions; n for each variable represents paired matches.

ns, Non-significant.