Table 3.
Multiple linear regression analysis of hearing and cognitive functions in the MCI-HI group.
| Variable | Follow-up | PTA | ABR | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left | Right | Left | Right | ||||||||||||||
| β | t | p | VIF | β | t | p | VIF | β | t | p | VIF | β | t | p | VIF | ||
| MMSE | B/L | −0.347 | −1.480 | 0.151 | 1.618 | −0.120 | −0.557 | 0.582 | 1.374 | 0.203 | 0.699 | 0.491 | 2.494 | 0.006 | 0.019 | 0.985 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.569 | −2.018 | 0.054 | 2.656 | −0.114 | −0.506 | 0.617 | 1.679 | 0.475 | 1.481 | 0.151 | 3.441 | −0.080 | −0.260 | 0.797 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | −0.032 | −0.139 | 0.891 | 1.618 | −0.239 | −1.126 | 0.271 | 1.374 | 0.328 | 1.149 | 0.261 | 2.494 | −0.402 | −1.378 | 0.180 | 2.596 | |
| MoCA | B/L | −0.178 | −0.831 | 0.414 | 1.374 | −0.178 | −0.831 | 0.414 | 1.374 | 0.347 | 1.204 | 0.240 | 2.494 | −0.286 | −0.970 | 0.341 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.389 | −1.500 | 0.146 | 2.656 | −0.400 | −1.941 | 0.064 | 1.679 | 0.440 | 1.493 | 0.148 | 3.441 | −0.078 | −0.278 | 0.783 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | −0.004 | −0.019 | 0.985 | 1.618 | −0.448 | −2.290 | 0.031* | 1.374 | 0.176 | 0.669 | 0.510 | 2.494 | −0.296 | −1.100 | 0.282 | 2.596 | |
| Visuospatial/executive | B/L | 0.036 | 0.160 | 0.874 | 1.618 | −0.347 | −1.660 | 0.109 | 1.374 | −0.052 | −0.184 | 0.856 | 2.494 | −0.210 | −0.730 | 0.472 | 2.596 |
| 12M | 0.052 | 0.190 | 0.851 | 2.656 | −0.413 | −1.880 | 0.072 | 1.679 | 0.243 | 0.775 | 0.446 | 3.441 | −0.389 | −1.299 | 0.206 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | 0.297 | 1.637 | 0.114 | 1.618 | −0.776 | −4.643 | 0.000** | 1.374 | −0.003 | −0.013 | 0.990 | 2.494 | −0.063 | −0.276 | 0.785 | 2.596 | |
| Naming | B/L | 0.288 | 1.253 | 0.222 | 1.618 | 0.208 | 0.981 | 0.336 | 1.374 | −0.065 | −0.229 | 0.821 | 2.494 | 0.044 | 0.151 | 0.881 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.114 | −0.382 | 0.706 | 2.656 | −0.118 | −0.498 | 0.623 | 1.679 | 0.204 | 0.599 | 0.554 | 3.441 | −0.386 | −1.190 | 0.245 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | 0.019 | 0.096 | 0.925 | 1.618 | −0.597 | −3.258 | 0.003** | 1.374 | 0.066 | 0.266 | 0.792 | 2.494 | 0.316 | 1.255 | 0.221 | 2.596 | |
| Attention | B/L | −0.056 | −0.270 | 0.789 | 1.618 | −0.009 | −0.046 | 0.964 | 1.374 | 0.781 | 3.014 | 0.006** | 2.494 | −0.794 | −3.002 | 0.006** | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.423 | −1.526 | 0.140 | 2.656 | −0.128 | −0.583 | 0.565 | 1.679 | 0.650 | 2.061 | 0.050 | 3.441 | 0.044 | 0.145 | 0.886 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | 0.006 | 0.029 | 0.977 | 1.618 | 0.155 | 0.754 | 0.458 | 1.374 | 0.321 | 1.159 | 0.257 | 2.494 | −0.705 | −2.498 | 0.019* | 2.596 | |
| Language | B/L | 0.044 | 0.182 | 0.857 | 1.618 | 0.277 | 1.254 | 0.221 | 1.374 | 0.367 | 1.234 | 0.229 | 2.494 | −0.359 | −1.184 | 0.247 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.010 | −0.032 | 0.975 | 2.656 | −0.310 | −1.268 | 0.216 | 1.679 | 0.151 | 0.430 | 0.671 | 3.441 | −0.094 | −0.280 | 0.782 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | 0.213 | 0.948 | 0.352 | 1.618 | −0.055 | −0.266 | 0.792 | 1.374 | −0.199 | −0.714 | 0.482 | 2.494 | −0.368 | −1.293 | 0.208 | 2.596 | |
| Abstraction | B/L | −0.180 | −0.738 | 0.467 | 1.618 | −0.039 | −0.172 | 0.865 | 1.374 | −0.273 | −0.900 | 0.377 | 2.494 | 0.414 | 1.337 | 0.193 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.348 | −1.315 | 0.200 | 2.656 | −0.420 | −1.995 | 0.057 | 1.679 | 0.091 | 0.301 | 0.766 | 3.441 | 0.129 | 0.448 | 0.658 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | −0.162 | −0.726 | 0.474 | 1.618 | −0.422 | −2.058 | 0.048* | 1.374 | −0.117 | −0.424 | 0.675 | 2.494 | 0.357 | 1.266 | 0.217 | 2.596 | |
| Memory | B/L | −0.522 | −2.647 | 0.014* | 1.618 | −0.250 | −1.376 | 0.181 | 1.374 | 0.315 | 1.288 | 0.210 | 2.494 | 0.114 | 0.458 | 0.651 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.555 | −1.916 | 0.067 | 2.656 | −0.124 | −0.539 | 0.595 | 1.679 | 0.239 | 0.724 | 0.476 | 3.441 | 0.240 | 0.763 | 0.453 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | −0.378 | −1.626 | 0.116 | 1.618 | −0.103 | −0.482 | 0.634 | 1.374 | 0.139 | 0.481 | 0.634 | 2.494 | −0.003 | −0.009 | 0.993 | 2.596 | |
| Orientation | B/L | 0.073 | 0.305 | 0.763 | 1.618 | −0.355 | −1.611 | 0.120 | 1.374 | −0.041 | −0.139 | 0.891 | 2.494 | −0.045 | −0.149 | 0.883 | 2.596 |
| 12M | −0.072 | −0.224 | 0.825 | 2.656 | 0.052 | 0.205 | 0.840 | 1.679 | 0.230 | 0.628 | 0.536 | 3.441 | −0.265 | −0.760 | 0.454 | 3.130 | |
| B/L ×12M | −0.019 | −0.076 | 0.940 | 1.618 | −0.022 | −0.094 | 0.926 | 1.374 | −0.013 | −0.043 | 0.966 | 2.494 | −0.171 | −0.542 | 0.593 | 2.596 | |
MCI-HI, Mild cognitive impairment with hearing impairment; PTA, Pure tone audiometry, ABR, Auditory brainstem response; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; B/L, Baseline; 12M, 12-month; B/L ×12M, Baseline PTA and ABR scores × 12-month MMSE and MOCA scores; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.