Table 5.
Data regarding the impact of age, gender, years of practice and kind of practice on the responses
| Age, years (n/%) |
Gender (n/%) |
Years of practice (n/%) |
Kind of practice (n/%) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20–30 | 31–40 | 41–50 | ≥51 | P | Male | Female | P | 0–10 | 11–20 | 21–30 | ≥31–over | P | General practitioner | Specialist | P | Private | Public | Private and public | P | Solo | Group practice | University member | P | |
| Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I know what it is | 33.2 | 33.3 | 34.6 | 36.9 | 0.931 | 30.9 | 34.8 | 0.655 | 30.7 | 31.5 | 32.4 | 28.7 | 0.935 | 31.8 | 36 | 0.004* | 32.8 | 34.1 | 32.5 | 0.421 | 35.9 | 35.4 | 31.5 | 0.271 |
| I practice | 32.6 | 37.1 | 28.8 | 37.5 | 0.436 | 33.8 | 30.4 | 0.088 | 32.8 | 29.8 | 27.6 | 28.7 | 0.626 | 31.3 | 36.6 | 0.002* | 30.9 | 29.5 | 37 | 0.052 | 26 | 27.7 | 36.6 | 0.0001* |
| Dentists should practice it | 23.8 | 17.4 | 21.5 | 25.5 | 0.175 | 21.1 | 21.2 | 0.624 | 20.7 | 18.3 | 20 | 24.1 | 0.701 | 23.6 | 14 | 0.116 | 23.3 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 0.197 | 18.4 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 0.385 |
| No idea | 10.4 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 18.5 | 0.058 | 14.2 | 13.6 | 0.516 | 9.9 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 23 | 0.011* | 13.4 | 13.4 | 0.388 | 13 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 0.111 | 19.7 | 13.8 | 8.8 | 0.0001* |
| Q2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UDE | 30.2 | 52.5 | 38.1 | 18 | 0.0001* | 37.2 | 47.4 | 0.182 | 39 | 32.8 | 25.4 | 13.8 | 0.0001* | 47.7 | 26.7 | 0.116 | 43.8 | 18.9 | 45 | 0.002* | 33.4 | 55 | 48.7 | 0.639 |
| CDE | 19.1 | 23.8 | 35.8 | 31.5 | 0.0001* | 28.8 | 29.2 | 0.481 | 12.1 | 23 | 31.4 | 33.3 | 0.0001* | 23.2 | 48.7 | 0.0001* | 25.2 | 45.9 | 37.1 | 0.0001* | 30 | 27.9 | 28.3 | 0.015* |
| No idea for UDE | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | n.a. | 3.6 | 2.6 | 0.472 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.6 | 4.6 | n.a. | 3.4 | 2 | 1 | 3.4 | 5.4 | 1.4 | n.a. | 3.4 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.631 |
| No idea for CDE | 0 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 7.9 | 0.0001* | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0.954 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 11.5 | n.a. | 4.3 | 1.3 | 0.401 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 1.4 | n.a. | 5.9 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.006* |
| No idea for both | 19.9 | 20 | 20.5 | 23 | 0.036* | 26.9 | 17.3 | 0.001* | 11.5 | 16.2 | 18.4 | 28.7 | 0.001* | 21.3 | 21.3 | 0.068 | 23.8 | 24.3 | 15 | 0.407 | 27.2 | 14 | 20.4 | 0.001* |
| Q3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UDE | 78.4 | 74.7 | 66.3 | 57.7 | 0.046* | 68.9 | 73.2 | 0.411 | 52.9 | 56.6 | 62.2 | 70.1 | 0.018* | 73.5 | 66.1 | 0.0001* | 72.3 | 67.5 | 67.1 | 0.0001* | 66.7 | 74 | 73.3 | 0.311 |
| CDE | 14.4 | 17.1 | 23.8 | 21.9 | 0.001* | 17.5 | 21.8 | 0.487 | 9.3 | 17 | 21.6 | 24.1 | 0.0001* | 15.6 | 30.5 | 0 | 61.7 | 17.5 | 28.4 | 0.0001* | 20.9 | 22 | 19.5 | 0.044* |
| No idea for UDE | 0 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.8 | n.a. | 3 | 0.9 | 0.059 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | n.a. | 2.6 | 0 | 0.142 | 2.3 | 5 | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 | 0.028* | |
| No idea for CDE | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.7 | n.a. | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.348 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 2.3 | n.a. | 0.8 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| No idea for both | 7.2 | 5.9 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 0.651 | 9.8 | 3.8 | 0.001* | 4.6 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 9.2 | 7.5 | 3.4 | 0.571 | 7.5 | 10 | 4.5 | 0.409 | 7.8 | 2 | 7.2 | 0.765 | |
| Q4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 91.8 | 92.9 | 85.9 | 87.5 | 0.005* | 88.7 | 89.6 | 0.004* | 83.3 | 73.6 | 72.4 | 82.8 | 0.0001* | 89 | 92 | 0.0001* | 90.4 | 86.8 | 84.1 | n.a. | 84.8 | 87.1 | 92.4 | 0.041* |
| No | 0 | 1 | 5.8 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 4 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 0 | 2.3 | 4 | 1.3 | 0 | 8.7 | 2.8 | 9.7 | 1.2 | ||||||
| No idea | 8.2 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 8.7 | 4 | 8.3 | 13.2 | 7.2 | 12.4 | 3.2 | 6.4 | ||||||
| Q5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dentists | 51.7 | 49 | 42.3 | 36.5 | 0.467 | 39 | 45.8 | 0.891 | 46.4 | 41.7 | 37.8 | 34.5 | 0.114 | 48.1 | 30 | 0.068 | 46.3 | 30.8 | 34.9 | 0.681 | 33.8 | 52.5 | 48.6 | 0.023* |
| Patients | 20.9 | 19.4 | 22.5 | 37.1 | 0.0001* | 23.7 | 22.3 | 0.101 | 17.3 | 20.4 | 27.6 | 40.2 | 0.0001* | 18.2 | 33.6 | 0.0001* | 22 | 19.2 | 27.6 | 0.0001* | 25.4 | 14.8 | 22.9 | 0068 |
| Public | 11.6 | 9.7 | 14 | 18.5 | 0.011* | 14.6 | 10.6 | 0.012* | 9 | 12.3 | 14.1 | 21.8 | 0.011* | 11.8 | 15 | 0.0001* | 12.2 | 25 | 10.4 | 0.0001* | 13.6 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 0.025* |
| Dental profession | 7.6 | 17 | 14.9 | 28.7 | 0.0001* | 17.5 | 14.6 | 0.041* | 8.4 | 14.5 | 21.1 | 34.5 | 0.0001* | 16.1 | 16.6 | 0.0001* | 15.7 | 17.3 | 15.1 | 0.094 | 20.5 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 0.012* |
| No idea | 5.8 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 0.341 | 2.9 | 5 | 0.352 | 4 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.493 | 3.9 | 4 | 0.092 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 9.4 | 0.0001* | 4 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 0.647 |
| Other | 2.3 | 1 | 1.8 | 3.9 | n.a. | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.465 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 8 | n.a. | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.6 | 5.8 | 2.6 | n.a. | 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.123 |
| Q6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 63 | 54.9 | 62.9 | 50.6 | 0.718 | 59.3 | 60.9 | 0.743 | 56.3 | 57.9 | 54.1 | 51.7 | 0.891 | 61 | 59.7 | 0.0001* | 58.2 | 62.2 | 68.1 | 0.017* | 60.4 | 56.9 | 59.6 | 0.028* |
| No | 15.3 | 19.4 | 14.1 | 20.8 | 17.3 | 17.7 | 17 | 13.6 | 16.8 | 21.8 | 15.6 | 26.2 | 17.4 | 27 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 19.5 | ||||||
| No idea | 21.7 | 21.2 | 22.9 | 21.3 | 23.3 | 21.4 | 19.8 | 21.3 | 22.7 | 18.4 | 23.4 | 14.1 | 24.4 | 10.8 | 16.7 | 25 | 30.8 | 21 | ||||||
| Q7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lack of time | 13 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 0.325 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 0.461 | 28.8 | 27.2 | 18.9 | 24.1 | 0.091 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 0.001* | 9.6 | 17.3 | 12.6 | 0.0001* | 10.9 | 11 | 10.6 | 0.608 |
| Lack of financial incentives | 9.2 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 0.193 | 8.9 | 6.7 | 0.026* | 20.1 | 18.3 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 0.734 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 0.134 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 9.6 | 0.053 | 7.7 | 9 | 7.7 | 1 |
| Lack of necessary education on EBD | 15.7 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 20.3 | 0.042* | 14.8 | 14.9 | 0.761 | 35.6 | 31.5 | 38.9 | 41.4 | 0.276 | 14.8 | 15.2 | 0.002* | 14.9 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 0.464 | 15.2 | 15.5 | 14 | 0.122 |
| Lack of necessary publications on EBD | 9 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 10.4 | 0.637 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 0.778 | 20.4 | 20.9 | 18.9 | 18.4 | 0.936 | 8.8 | 7.1 | 0.636 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 9.1 | 0.337 | 9.3 | 7.7 | 8 | 0.779 |
| Lack of necessary websites on EBD | 6.1 | 5 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 0.817 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 0.964 | 13 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 16.1 | 0.551 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 0.735 | 6 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 0.475 | 6.4 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 0.785 |
| Lack of EB clinical guidelines for dental care | 9.2 | 11.6 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 0.488 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 0.444 | 23.5 | 24.3 | 22.2 | 27.6 | 0.802 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 0.131 | 10.1 | 12.7 | 7.8 | 0.146 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 10.8 | 0.011* |
| Lack of EB clinical decision support systems | 2.9 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 0.005* | 5.1 | 6.1 | 0.389 | 9.6 | 14.5 | 21.6 | 10.3 | 0.002* | 5.7 | 5.4 | 0.269 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 0.041* | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 0.376 |
| Limited evidence in the dental field | 10 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 7.5 | 0.0001* | 5.2 | 7.2 | 0.084 | 20.7 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 12.6 | 0.003 | 7 | 3.6 | 0.183 | 6.4 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 0.479 | 4.2 | 9 | 7.3 | 0.035* |
| Lack of awareness on EBD | 6.5 | 9 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 0.128 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 0.173 | 16.7 | 21.7 | 24.3 | 25.3 | 0.119 | 8.4 | 9 | 0.019* | 9.4 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 0.083 | 9.2 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 0.183 |
| Lack of continuing education courses on EBD | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 0.981 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 0.819 | 14.9 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 19.5 | 0.767 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 0.001* | 6.6 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 0.781 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 0.023* |
| EBD being perceived as time consuming | 4.6 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 7.3 | 0.289 | 5 | 5.1 | 0.931 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 13 | 19.5 | 0.151 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 0.452 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 2.8 | 0.054 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 5 | 0.018* |
| Lack of practical ways to reach to best evidence | 5.4 | 6 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 0.901 | 6 | 5 | 0.206 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 14.1 | 11.5 | 0.888 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 1 | 6.2 | 3.6 | 3 | 0.102 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 0.149 |
| Limited knowledge regarding the quality of evidence | 2.1 | 5.4 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 0.0001* | 4.9 | 5.7 | 0.478 | 6.5 | 16.6 | 18.9 | 12.6 | 0.0001* | 4.2 | 9.2 | 0.0001* | 3.7 | 8.2 | 10.1 | 0.0001* | 7.2 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 0.052 |
| Others | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | n.a. | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 2.3 | n.a. | 0.3 | 0 | 0.591 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0 | n.a. | 0.4 | 0 | 0.4 | n.a |
| Q8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creating awareness | 22.2 | 21.1 | 24.7 | 28.7 | 0.128 | 22.9 | 22.5 | 0.486 | 53.6 | 57.4 | 49.7 | 55.2 | 0.465 | 22.6 | 23.5 | 0.032* | 21.7 | 27.9 | 26 | 0.101 | 23.2 | 21.6 | 23.9 | 0.001* |
| Developing EB clinical guidelines | 17.8 | 19.8 | 17 | 23.1 | 0.288 | 19.4 | 17.4 | 0.069 | 49.5 | 40.4 | 37.3 | 44.8 | 0.035 | 18.2 | 19 | 0.073 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 16.5 | 0.294 | 16 | 22.3 | 19.3 | 0.0001* |
| Developing EB clinical decision support systems | 15.9 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 18.8 | 0.251 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 0.743 | 41.2 | 34.9 | 31.9 | 36.8 | 0.176 | 15.3 | 16 | 0.103 | 15.9 | 14 | 13.3 | 0.194 | 13.9 | 17.6 | 16 | 0.0001* |
| Organising continuing education courses on EBD | 20 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 27.4 | 0.745 | 20.6 | 22.1 | 0.559 | 52.3 | 48.5 | 50.3 | 54 | 0.761 | 21.6 | 20.2 | 0.469 | 21.7 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 0.303 | 23.9 | 16.9 | 19.8 | 0.011* |
| Negotiating with the authorities for financial incentives to foster implementation of EBD into practice | 11.5 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 0.057 | 10.1 | 10 | 0.775 | 27.6 | 21.3 | 18.9 | 27.6 | 0.092 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 0.332 | 7 | 9.5 | 0.383 | 8.7 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 0.0001* | |
| Attempts to overcome the barriers to implementation of EBD into practice | 11.3 | 10 | 11.9 | 13.9 | 0.397 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 0.614 | 296.9 | 23.4 | 28.1 | 29.9 | 0.584 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 0.446 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 12.7 | 0.555 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 9.3 | 0.077 |
| None | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.2 | n.a. | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.1 | n.a. | 0.7 | 0 | 0.231 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.3 | n.a. | 0.9 | 0 | 0.5 | n.a |
| Other | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2 | n.a. | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1 | 2.217 | 0.5 | 2.3 | n.a. | 0.6 | 0.699 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 1.7 | n.a. | 1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.073 | ||
| Q9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 89.9 | 87 | 82.2 | 75 | 0.114 | 82 | 87.6 | 0.115 | 56.3 | 57.9 | 54.1 | 51.7 | 0.891 | 84.9 | 87.9 | 0.003* | 85.1 | 83.3 | 84.4 | n.a. | 78.6 | 91.7 | 88.8 | 0.061 |
| No | 4.3 | 5.3 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 17. | 13.6 | 16.8 | 21.8 | 5.3 | 6 | 5 | 2.8 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 5 | 3.7 | ||||||
| No idea | 5.9 | 7.7 | 10.7 | 18.7 | 11.6 | 7.8 | 19.8 | 21.3 | 22.7 | 18.4 | 9.8 | 6 | 9.9 | 13.9 | 7.8 | 14 | 3.3 | 7.5 | ||||||
CDE, continuing dental education; EB, evidence-based; EBD, evidence-based dentistry; UDE, undergraduate dental education. n.a, statistical comparison was not applicable because of the low response rate.
*
Difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05).