Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, personality traits and psychological variables of the study population (n = 4652)
| Variable | Halitosis |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 36.20 ± 7.68 | 36.89 ± 8.45 | 0.07 |
| Sex | |||
| Male (n = 2063) | 1062 (51.5) | 1001 (48.5) | 0.097 |
| Female (n = 2589) | 1396 (53.9) | 1193 (46.1) | |
| Educational level | |||
| Undergraduate (n = 1939) | 1016 (52.4) | 923 (47.6) | 0.637 |
| Graduate (n = 2593) | 1377 (53.1) | 1216 (46.9) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Unmarried (n = 858) | 394 (45.9) | 464 (54.1) | <0.0001 |
| Married (n = 3685) | 2007 (54.5) | 1678 (45.5) | |
| Personality traits | |||
| Neuroticism | |||
| Tertile 1 (n = 1650) | 701 (42.5) | 949 (57.5) | <0.0001 |
| Tertile 2 (n = 1544) | 812 (52.6) | 732 (47.4) | |
| Tertile 3 (n = 1458) | 945 (64.8) | 513 (35.2) | |
| Extraversion | |||
| Tertile 1 (n = 1783) | 1068 (59.9) | 715 (40.1) | <0.0001 |
| Tertile 2 (n = 1362) | 698 (51.2) | 664 (48.8) | |
| Tertile 3 (n = 1507) | 692 (45.9) | 815 (54.1) | |
| Openness | |||
| Tertile 1 (n = 1555) | 845 (54.3) | 710 (45.7) | 0.075 |
| Tertile 2 (n = 1668) | 893 (53.5) | 775 (46.5) | |
| Tertile 3 (n = 1429) | 720 (50.4) | 709 (49.6) | |
| Agreeableness | |||
| Tertile 1 (n = 1644) | 989 (60.2) | 655 (39.8) | <0.0001 |
| Tertile 2 (n = 1646) | 872 (53.0) | 774 (47.0) | |
| Tertile 3 (n = 1353) | 597 (44.1) | 756 (55.9) | |
| Conscientiousness | |||
| Tertile 1 (n = 1596) | 980 (61.4) | 616 (38.6) | <0.0001 |
| Tertile 2 (n = 1719) | 908 (52.8) | 811 (47.2) | |
| Tertile 3 (n = 1337) | 570 (49.4) | 767 (50.6) | |
| Psychological variable | |||
| Depression | |||
| No (n = 3250) | 1579 (48.6) | 1671 (51.4) | <0.0001 |
| Yes (n = 1302) | 832 (63.9) | 470 (36.1) | |
| Anxiety | |||
| No (n = 3905) | 1954 (50) | 1951 (50) | <0.0001 |
| Yes (n = 637) | 459 (72.1) | 178 (27.9) | |
| Stress level | |||
| Low (n = 3488) | 1699 (48.7) | 1789 (51.3) | <0.0001 |
| High (n = 1046) | 692 (66.2) | 354 (33.8) | |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
Some participants have not answered all of the questions of each domain and therefore it’s possible that the total sum of each domain is less than the total study population.