Table 2.
Binary logistic regression analysis of subjective halitosis based on psychological variables and personality traits
| Variable | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | |||
| Age | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) |
| Sex (female) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) |
| Educational level (graduate) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) |
| Marital status (married) | 1.67 (1.40–1.97) | 1.66 (1.42–2.01) | 0.58 (1.38–2.04) |
| Personality traits | |||
| Neuroticism | |||
| Tertile 1 | Ref | ||
| Tertile 2 | 1.29 (1.09–1.51) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 1.74 (1.43–2.13) | ||
| Extraversion | |||
| Tertile 1 | Ref | ||
| Tertile 2 | 0.92 (0.77–1.09) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 0.98 (0.86–1.27) | ||
| Openness | |||
| Tertile 1 | Ref | ||
| Tertile 2 | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | ||
| Agreeableness | |||
| Tertile 1 | Ref | ||
| Tertile 2 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 0.75 (0.62–1.09) | ||
| Conscientiousness | |||
| Tertile 1 | Ref | ||
| Tertile 2 | 0.82 (0.70–0.98) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | ||
| Psychological variable | |||
| Presence of depression | 1.31 (1.09–1.57) | ||
| Presence of anxiety | 1.76 (1.38–2.24) | ||
| High stress level | 1.41 (1.17–1.71) | ||
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Model 1: Demographic factors.
Model 2: Personality traits adjusted by demographic factors.
Model 3: Other psychological variables adjusted by demographic factors.