Table 1.
Crude prevalence of total tooth loss among adults ≥ 18 years of age (n = 179,763), according to household wealth tertiles (World Health Survey, 2002–2004)
| Group | Country | n* | All sample (%) | Lowest tertile (%) | Middle tertile (%) | Highest tertile (%) | P value for trend† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIC | Bangladesh | 5,411 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.489 |
| Burkina Faso | 4,694 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.291 | |
| Chad | 4,128 | 5.1 | 7.5 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 0.001 | |
| Ethiopia | 4,789 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.016 | |
| Georgia | 2,718 | 12.9 | 17.0 | 13.2 | 9.2 | <0.001 | |
| Ghana | 3,448 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.994 | |
| Kazakhstan | 4,460 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 0.759 | |
| Kenya | 4,189 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.262 | |
| Lao | 4,831 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.005 | |
| Malawi | 5,117 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 0.798 | |
| Mali | 3,379 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.708 | |
| Myanmar | 5,886 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.278 | |
| Nepal | 8,657 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.556 | |
| Pakistan | 5,798 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 0.147 | |
| Senegal | 2,295 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 0.907 | |
| Vietnam | 3,261 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 0.018 | |
| Zimbabwe | 3,644 | 15.1 | 22.1 | 11.7 | 8.6 | <0.001 | |
| LMIC | Bosnia & Herzegovina | 1,026 | 15.2 | 21.7 | 9.2 | 11.1 | 0.003 |
| Brazil | 4,960 | 14.7 | 18.4 | 15.8 | 11.0 | <0.001 | |
| Dominican Republic | 4,376 | 8.1 | 13.0 | 8.0 | 6.2 | <0.001 | |
| Ecuador | 3,876 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 10.1 | 6.2 | 0.162 | |
| Morocco | 4,466 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 0.767 | |
| Namibia | 3,675 | 15.5 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 21.3 | 0.003 | |
| Paraguay | 5,079 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 0.125 | |
| Philippines | 10,019 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 0.097 | |
| South Africa | 1,992 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 6.9 | 10.4 | 0.783 | |
| Sri Lanka | 5,372 | 4.2 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 0.117 | |
| Swaziland | 1,905 | 7.7 | 12.8 | 7.2 | 3.2 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 10,828 | 13.6 | 16.3 | 15.1 | 9.8 | <0.001 | |
| Ukraine | 2,195 | 10.1 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 0.329 | |
| UMIC | Croatia | 967 | 11.6 | 21.0 | 7.8 | 9.3 | 0.003 |
| Czech Republic | 875 | 11.4 | 22.6 | 8.2 | 2.6 | <0.001 | |
| Estonia | 991 | 11.8 | 19.3 | 10.6 | 5.3 | <0.001 | |
| Hungary | 1,386 | 15.7 | 28.2 | 13.2 | 6.1 | <0.001 | |
| Latvia | 839 | 10.3 | 17.9 | 9.7 | 1.7 | <0.001 | |
| Malaysia | 5,842 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 0.042 | |
| Mauritius | 3,726 | 12.0 | 15.9 | 11.8 | 8.9 | <0.001 | |
| Mexico | 24,075 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 0.665 | |
| Slovakia | 1,679 | 2.9 | 6.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.001 | |
| Uruguay | 2,909 | 7.3 | 11.1 | 6.5 | 4.3 | <0.001 |
*
Counts are unweighted.
†
P value for trend was derived from unadjusted survey logistic regression models.
LIC, low-income countries; LMIC, lower-middle-income countries; UMIC, upper-middle-income countries.