Table 4.
Absolute and relative measures of inequalities in problems with mouth and/or teeth, according to household wealth, in adults ≥ 18 years of age (World Health Survey, 2002–2004)
| Group | Country | RII† | (95% CI) | SII† | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIC | Bangladesh | 0.90 | (0.83 to 1.53) | −2.4 | (−4.6 to 9.4) |
| Burkina Faso | 1.27 | (0.95 to 1.69) | 4.2 | (−0.9 to 9.2) | |
| Chad | 0.80 | (0.54 to 1.17) | −4.5 | (−12.1 to 3.1) | |
| Ethiopia | 0.49 | (0.30 to 0.80)** | −10.4 | (−17.4 to −3.5)** | |
| Georgia | 1.29 | (0.79 to 2.12) | 6.3 | (−5.8 to 18.5) | |
| Ghana | 0.59 | (0.39 to 0.90)* | −7.3 | (−13.0 to −1.6)* | |
| Kazakhstan | 1.52 | (1.01 to 2.27)* | 9.3 | (0.1 to 18.6)* | |
| Kenya | 0.82 | (0.51 to 1.30) | −4.0 | (−12.8 to 4.9) | |
| Lao | 1.61 | (1.09 to 2.38)* | 8.0 | (1.4 to 14.6)* | |
| Malawi | 0.62 | (0.44 to 0.87)** | −10.6 | (−18.3 to −3.0)** | |
| Mali | 1.13 | (0.76 to 1.69) | 2.2 | (−5.0 to 9.5) | |
| Myanmar | 1.05 | (0.70 to 1.59) | 0.6 | (−4.0 to 5.1) | |
| Nepal | 0.71 | (0.57 to 0.87)** | −7.4 | (−12.0 to −2.9)** | |
| Pakistan | 1.85 | (1.13 to 3.04)* | 8.5 | (1.4 to 15.7)* | |
| Senegal | 0.68 | (0.34 to 1.37) | −7.8 | (−22.2 to 6.5) | |
| Vietnam | 1.27 | (0.73 to 2.20) | 4.0 | (−4.6 to 12.6) | |
| Zimbabwe | 0.76 | (0.52 to 1.11) | −5.7 | (−13.6 to 2.1) | |
| LMIC | Bosnia & Herzegovina | 1.05 | (0.47 to 2.34) | 1.0 | (−16.7 to 18.7) |
| Brazil | 1.13 | (0.85 to 1.49) | 2.7 | (−3.5 to 8.8) | |
| Dominican Republic | 1.83 | (1.15 to 2.89)** | 11.9 | (2.9 to 20.9)** | |
| Ecuador | 1.32 | (0.88 to 1.99) | 4.9 | (−2.2 to 11.9) | |
| Morocco | 1.39 | (0.86 to 2.23) | 7.8 | (−3.5 to 19.2) | |
| Namibia | 1.04 | (0.68 to 1.59) | 0.5 | (−6.5 to 7.5) | |
| Paraguay | 1.17 | (0.87 to 1.55) | 3.6 | (−3.2 to 10.3) | |
| Philippines | 0.69 | (0.53 to 0.88)** | −8.8 | (−14.6 to −3.0)** | |
| South Africa | 0.73 | (0.39 to 1.35) | −4.1 | (−12.5 to 4.2) | |
| Sri Lanka | 1.71 | (0.80 to 3.65) | 9.1 | (−4.5 to 22.6) | |
| Swaziland | 1.54 | (0.73 to 3.24) | 7.3 | (−5.2 to 19.8) | |
| Turkey | 1.07 | (0.84 to 1.35) | 1.5 | (−3.8 to 6.7) | |
| Ukraine | 1.11 | (0.60 to 2.07) | 2.6 | (−12.6 to 17.7) | |
| UMIC | Croatia | 1.47 | (0.75 to 2.89) | 9.1 | (−6.7 to 25.0) |
| Czech Republic | 0.91 | (0.40 to 2.09) | −2.3 | (−22.5 to 18.0) | |
| Estonia | 0.77 | (0.40 to 1.48) | −6.2 | (−21.8 to 9.4) | |
| Hungary | 1.59 | (0.93 to 2.71) | 10.0 | (−1.5 to 21.6) | |
| Latvia | 0.92 | (0.44 to 1.93) | −2.0 | (−19.9 to 15.9) | |
| Malaysia | 1.15 | (0.84 to 1.58) | 2.1 | (−2.7 to 7.2) | |
| Mauritius | 1.02 | (0.75 to 1.41) | 0.4 | (−5.3 to 6.1) | |
| Mexico | 1.83 | (1.54 to 2.16)*** | 11.7 | (8.4 to 15.1) *** | |
| Slovakia | 2.06 | (0.91 to 4.69) | 16.7 | (−2.2 to 35.5) | |
| Uruguay | 2.19 | (1.26 to 3.80)** | 15.0 | (4.2 to 25.8)** |
*
P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
†
Estimates were adjusted for participants’ sex, age groups and education.
LIC, low-income countries; LMIC, lower-middle-income countries; UMIC, upper-middle-income countries; RII, relative index of inequality; SII, slope index of inequality.