Table 1.
The characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis (the correlation between vitamin D and the incidence of depression).
| Author, year | Country | Follow-up (weeks) | Dose of experimental group | Sample size | Participants inclusion criteria | Depression assessment scale | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Control | ||||||
| Jalali-Chimeh et al. (24) | Iran | 8 | 300,000 IU/4 weeks | 38 | 38 | BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, Age: 18–45 years for women with sexual dysfunction | BDI |
| Jorde et al. (27) | Norway | 48 | 40,000 IU/week 20,000 IU/week |
116 106 |
112 | Obese adults | BDI |
| Dean et al. (20) | Australia | 6 | 5,000 IU/day | 63 | 65 | Age ≥ 18 years for healthy adults | BDI |
| Kjærgaard et al. (28) | Norway | 24 | 40,000 IU/week | 120 | 110 | Age: 30 to 75 years with low 25(OH)D levels | BDI-II, HADS, MADRS |
| Bertone-Johnson et al. (18) | USA | 96 | 400 IU/day | 1109 | 1143 | Age: 50–79 years for postmenopausal women | Burnam scale |
| Frandsen et al. (21) | Denmark | 12 | 2,800 IU/day | 22 | 21 | Healthy adults | SIGH-SAD |
| Mason et al. (30) | USA | 48 | 2,000 IU/day | 109 | 109 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, Age: 50–75 years for postmenopausal womenwith low 25(OH)D levels | BSI-18 |
| Vaziri et al. (34) | Iran | 12 | 2,000 IU/day | 75 | 78 | Age ≥ 18 years for healthy pregnant women | EPDS |
| Rolf et al. (33) | the Netherlands | 48 | 14,000 IU/day | 20 | 20 | Age: 18–55 years with multiple sclerosis | HADS-D |
| Grung et al. (23) | Norway | 21-28 | 1,600 IU/day | 23 | 23 | Age: 13–14 years for healthy adolescents | YSR-CBCL |
| Ghaderi et al. (22) | Iran | 12 | 50,000 IU/fortnight | 34 | 34 | Age: 25–70 years with methadone treatment | BDI |
| Jorde and Kubiak (26) | Norway | 16 | 100,000 IU bolus and 20,000 IU/week 100,000 IU bolus and 20,000 IU/week (+psychopharmaca) |
192 14 |
193 9 |
Age > 40 years with low 25(OH) D levels | BDI-II |
| Mousa et al. (31) | Australia | 16 | 100,000 IU bolus and 4,000 IU/day | 26 | 22 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or BMI≥ 29 kg/m2, Age: 18–60 years with low 25(OH) D levels | BDI-II |
| Raygan et al. (32) | Iran | 12 | 50,000 IU/fortnight | 30 | 30 | Age: 45–85 years for diabetics with CHD | BDI |
| Jamilian et al. (25) | Iran | 12 | 50,000 IU/fortnight | 30 | 30 | Age: 18–40 years for women with polycystic ovary syndrom | BDI-II, DASS |
| Choukri et al. (19) | New Zealand | 24 | 50,000 IU/months | 76 | 74 | Age: 18–40 years for healthy adult women | CES-D |
| Krivoy et al. (29) | Israel | 8 | 14,000 IU/week | 24 | 23 | Age: 18–65 years for schizophrenic patients with clozapine treatment and low 25(OH)D levels | CDS |
| Fazelian et al. (35) | Iran | 16 | 50,000 IU/fortnight | 26 | 25 | Age: 20–60 years for T2DM women with low 25(OH) D levels | DASS-21 |
BMI, body mass index; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; SIGH-SAD, The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-Seasonal Affective Disorder version; BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory Depression Subscale; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; YSR-CBCL, Youth Self-report version of the Child Behavior Checklist; DASS, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CDS, Calgary Depression Scale; CHD, coronary heart disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; HT, hormone therapy.