Table 7.

Associations between atherogenic dyslipidemia or hypertension and periodontal disease

	Reference number	Study conclusions	Odds ratio
Atherogenic dyslipidemia	64	Low HDLc (<40 mg/dL M; <50 mg/dL F) was the only MetS component significantly associated with elevated serum antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a marker of periodontal disease	2.96
	54	In both genders, those with periodontitis were more likely to have elevated TG (≥150 mg/dL)	1.32 (F)1.12 (M)
	42	Over a 4-year time period, the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia was associated with a CPI code of ≥3	1.9
	61	In women, low HDLc (<50 mg/dL) increased risk for periodontal disease	2.0
	45	Low HDLc (<40 mg/dL M; <50 mg/dL F) was associated with a higher CPI code, when adjusted for age, gender and smoking	1.50
	46	Elevated TG (≥150 mg/dL) was associated with the presence of periodontal pockets, when adjusted for age, gender and smoking	1.3
Hypertension	42	Over a 4-year time period, the development of hypertension was associated with a CPI code of ≥3	1.5
	45	Hypertension (≥130 mmHg SBP or ≥85 mmHg DBP) was associated with a higher CPI code when adjusted for age, gender and smoking	1.59
	46	Hypertension (≥130 mmHg SBP or ≥85 mmHg DBP) was associated with the presence of periodontal pockets when adjusted for age, gender and smoking	1.2

CPI, Community Periodontal Index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F, female; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; M, male; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.