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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2021 Aug 3;137:103625. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103625

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Substitutions R4E and R5E in IIIS4 increase the action of Av3 and LqhαIT. A-B, Representative sodium current traces in the absence or presence of Av3 (A) or LqhαIT (B). The protocols are presented above the current traces: the currents were elicited by a 20 ms test pulse to −10 mV, from a holding potential of −120 mV. C-D, Effects of charge reversal of the five positively-charged residues in IIIS4 on BgNav1–1a sensitivity to Av3 (C) or LqhαIT (D). The inhibitory effect on fast inactivation by the toxins was calculated by measuring the current that remained at 20 ms (I20) divided by the peak current (Ipeak). * denotes significant difference compared to WT BgNav1–1a channels (p˂ 0.05).