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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2021 Aug 3;137:103625. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103625

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Charge reversal of two negatively-charged residues in IIIS2 increase the effect of site-3 toxins. A-B, Representative sodium current traces of channel mutants S2-D1K and S2-E2K in the absence or presence of Av3 (A) or LqhαIT (B). C-D, Effects of LqhαIT (C) and Av3 (D) on fast inactivation of the four charge reversal channel mutants. The toxin inhibitory effects on fast inactivation were calculated by measuring the current that remained after 20 ms (I20) divided by the peak current (Ipeak) for S1-E1K, S1-E2K and S2-E2K channel mutants. Since after 20 ms, the inactivation of S2-D1K was not complete, the remaining current of this channel mutant was determined only after 50 ms, and so the value measured was I50/Ipeak. *denotes significant difference compared to WT BgNav1–1a channels determined by one-way ANOVA with Scheffe’s post hoc analysis (p˂ 0.05).